Formation of cascading discrete time crystals with ultracold atoms

We study discrete time crystal (DTC) formation in a system driven periodically by an oscillating atomic mirror, consisting of two distinct ultracold atomic clouds in the presence of a gravitational field. The intra-species interactions are weak and attractive, while the inter-species interactions ar...

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Main Authors: Weronika Golletz, Krzysztof Sacha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:New Journal of Physics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade469
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author Weronika Golletz
Krzysztof Sacha
author_facet Weronika Golletz
Krzysztof Sacha
author_sort Weronika Golletz
collection DOAJ
description We study discrete time crystal (DTC) formation in a system driven periodically by an oscillating atomic mirror, consisting of two distinct ultracold atomic clouds in the presence of a gravitational field. The intra-species interactions are weak and attractive, while the inter-species interactions are infinitely strong and repulsive. The clouds are arranged in a one-dimensional stack, where the bottom cloud bounces on an oscillating atomic mirror, which effectively acts as a driving force for the upper cloud due to the infinite inter-species repulsion. Using a Jastrow-like variational ansatz for the many-body wavefunction, we show numerically that sufficiently strong attractive intra-species interactions drive each subsystem to spontaneously break discrete time translation symmetry, resulting in the formation of a cascading DTC evolving with a period different than the driving period. Since the bottom cloud serves as the effective periodic driving for the upper cloud, this leads to a cascade of spontaneous symmetry breaking. With increasing intra-species interactions, we first observe a pronounced effect of spontaneous time translation symmetry breaking in the upper cloud, followed by a similar effect in the lower atomic cloud.
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spelling doaj-art-76af0542d02c4826ab04a8ea1db6f63a2025-08-20T02:10:23ZengIOP PublishingNew Journal of Physics1367-26302025-01-0127606320210.1088/1367-2630/ade469Formation of cascading discrete time crystals with ultracold atomsWeronika Golletz0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8639-0227Krzysztof Sacha1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6463-0659Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University , Lojasiewicza 11, PL-30-348 Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University , Lojasiewicza 11, PL-30-348 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University , Lojasiewicza 11, PL-30-348 Krakow, PolandWe study discrete time crystal (DTC) formation in a system driven periodically by an oscillating atomic mirror, consisting of two distinct ultracold atomic clouds in the presence of a gravitational field. The intra-species interactions are weak and attractive, while the inter-species interactions are infinitely strong and repulsive. The clouds are arranged in a one-dimensional stack, where the bottom cloud bounces on an oscillating atomic mirror, which effectively acts as a driving force for the upper cloud due to the infinite inter-species repulsion. Using a Jastrow-like variational ansatz for the many-body wavefunction, we show numerically that sufficiently strong attractive intra-species interactions drive each subsystem to spontaneously break discrete time translation symmetry, resulting in the formation of a cascading DTC evolving with a period different than the driving period. Since the bottom cloud serves as the effective periodic driving for the upper cloud, this leads to a cascade of spontaneous symmetry breaking. With increasing intra-species interactions, we first observe a pronounced effect of spontaneous time translation symmetry breaking in the upper cloud, followed by a similar effect in the lower atomic cloud.https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade469discrete time crystalsultracold atomsperiodically driven systemsJastrow ansatz
spellingShingle Weronika Golletz
Krzysztof Sacha
Formation of cascading discrete time crystals with ultracold atoms
New Journal of Physics
discrete time crystals
ultracold atoms
periodically driven systems
Jastrow ansatz
title Formation of cascading discrete time crystals with ultracold atoms
title_full Formation of cascading discrete time crystals with ultracold atoms
title_fullStr Formation of cascading discrete time crystals with ultracold atoms
title_full_unstemmed Formation of cascading discrete time crystals with ultracold atoms
title_short Formation of cascading discrete time crystals with ultracold atoms
title_sort formation of cascading discrete time crystals with ultracold atoms
topic discrete time crystals
ultracold atoms
periodically driven systems
Jastrow ansatz
url https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ade469
work_keys_str_mv AT weronikagolletz formationofcascadingdiscretetimecrystalswithultracoldatoms
AT krzysztofsacha formationofcascadingdiscretetimecrystalswithultracoldatoms