High dose of vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Ebola virus vaccine causes vesicular disease in swine without horizontal transmission

The recent impact of Ebola virus disease (EVD) on public health in Africa clearly demonstrates the need for a safe and efficacious vaccine to control outbreaks and mitigate its threat to global health. ERVEBO® is an effective recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV)-vectored Ebola virus vaccine...

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Main Authors: Igor Morozov, Thomas P. Monath, David A. Meekins, Jessie D. Trujillo, Sun-Young Sunwoo, Kinga Urbaniak, In Joong Kim, Sanjeev K. Narayanan, Sabarish V. Indran, Wenjun Ma, William C. Wilson, Cassandra O'Connor, Sheri Dubey, Sean P. Troth, Beth-Ann Coller, Richard Nichols, Brian K. Martin, Heinz Feldmann, Juergen A. Richt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2021-01-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2021.1903343
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author Igor Morozov
Thomas P. Monath
David A. Meekins
Jessie D. Trujillo
Sun-Young Sunwoo
Kinga Urbaniak
In Joong Kim
Sanjeev K. Narayanan
Sabarish V. Indran
Wenjun Ma
William C. Wilson
Cassandra O'Connor
Sheri Dubey
Sean P. Troth
Beth-Ann Coller
Richard Nichols
Brian K. Martin
Heinz Feldmann
Juergen A. Richt
author_facet Igor Morozov
Thomas P. Monath
David A. Meekins
Jessie D. Trujillo
Sun-Young Sunwoo
Kinga Urbaniak
In Joong Kim
Sanjeev K. Narayanan
Sabarish V. Indran
Wenjun Ma
William C. Wilson
Cassandra O'Connor
Sheri Dubey
Sean P. Troth
Beth-Ann Coller
Richard Nichols
Brian K. Martin
Heinz Feldmann
Juergen A. Richt
author_sort Igor Morozov
collection DOAJ
description The recent impact of Ebola virus disease (EVD) on public health in Africa clearly demonstrates the need for a safe and efficacious vaccine to control outbreaks and mitigate its threat to global health. ERVEBO® is an effective recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV)-vectored Ebola virus vaccine (VSV-EBOV) that was approved by the FDA and EMA in late 2019 for use in prevention of EVD. Since the parental virus VSV, which was used to construct VSV-EBOV, is pathogenic for livestock and the vaccine virus may be shed at low levels by vaccinated humans, widespread deployment of the vaccine requires investigation into its infectivity and transmissibility in VSV-susceptible livestock species. We therefore performed a comprehensive clinical analysis of the VSV-EBOV vaccine virus in swine to determine its infectivity and potential for transmission. A high dose of VSV-EBOV resulted in VSV-like clinical signs in swine, with a proportion of pigs developing ulcerative vesicular lesions at the nasal injection site and feet. Uninoculated contact control pigs co-mingled with VSV-EBOV-inoculated pigs did not become infected or display any clinical signs of disease, indicating the vaccine is not readily transmissible to naïve pigs during prolonged close contact. In contrast, virulent wild-type VSV Indiana had a shorter incubation period and was transmitted to contact control pigs. These results indicate that the VSV-EBOV vaccine causes vesicular illness in swine when administered at a high dose. Moreover, the study demonstrates the VSV-EBOV vaccine is not readily transmitted to uninfected pigs, encouraging its safe use as an effective human vaccine.
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spelling doaj-art-76a36bca1a3948bfb5561339b098a75b2025-08-20T02:59:11ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512021-01-0110165166310.1080/22221751.2021.1903343High dose of vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Ebola virus vaccine causes vesicular disease in swine without horizontal transmissionIgor Morozov0Thomas P. Monath1David A. Meekins2Jessie D. Trujillo3Sun-Young Sunwoo4Kinga Urbaniak5In Joong Kim6Sanjeev K. Narayanan7Sabarish V. Indran8Wenjun Ma9William C. Wilson10Cassandra O'Connor11Sheri Dubey12Sean P. Troth13Beth-Ann Coller14Richard Nichols15Brian K. Martin16Heinz Feldmann17Juergen A. Richt18Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USABioprotection Systems, Inc, a subsidiary of NewLink Genetics Corp, Ames, IA, USADepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USADepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USADepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USADepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USADepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USADepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USADepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USADepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USACenter for Grain and Animal Health Research, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS, USABattelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USAMerck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USAMerck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USAMerck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USABioprotection Systems, Inc, a subsidiary of NewLink Genetics Corp, Ames, IA, USABioprotection Systems, Inc, a subsidiary of NewLink Genetics Corp, Ames, IA, USALaboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USADepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USAThe recent impact of Ebola virus disease (EVD) on public health in Africa clearly demonstrates the need for a safe and efficacious vaccine to control outbreaks and mitigate its threat to global health. ERVEBO® is an effective recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV)-vectored Ebola virus vaccine (VSV-EBOV) that was approved by the FDA and EMA in late 2019 for use in prevention of EVD. Since the parental virus VSV, which was used to construct VSV-EBOV, is pathogenic for livestock and the vaccine virus may be shed at low levels by vaccinated humans, widespread deployment of the vaccine requires investigation into its infectivity and transmissibility in VSV-susceptible livestock species. We therefore performed a comprehensive clinical analysis of the VSV-EBOV vaccine virus in swine to determine its infectivity and potential for transmission. A high dose of VSV-EBOV resulted in VSV-like clinical signs in swine, with a proportion of pigs developing ulcerative vesicular lesions at the nasal injection site and feet. Uninoculated contact control pigs co-mingled with VSV-EBOV-inoculated pigs did not become infected or display any clinical signs of disease, indicating the vaccine is not readily transmissible to naïve pigs during prolonged close contact. In contrast, virulent wild-type VSV Indiana had a shorter incubation period and was transmitted to contact control pigs. These results indicate that the VSV-EBOV vaccine causes vesicular illness in swine when administered at a high dose. Moreover, the study demonstrates the VSV-EBOV vaccine is not readily transmitted to uninfected pigs, encouraging its safe use as an effective human vaccine.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2021.1903343Ebola virus diseaseVSVvirus-vectored vaccinesafety studyswine
spellingShingle Igor Morozov
Thomas P. Monath
David A. Meekins
Jessie D. Trujillo
Sun-Young Sunwoo
Kinga Urbaniak
In Joong Kim
Sanjeev K. Narayanan
Sabarish V. Indran
Wenjun Ma
William C. Wilson
Cassandra O'Connor
Sheri Dubey
Sean P. Troth
Beth-Ann Coller
Richard Nichols
Brian K. Martin
Heinz Feldmann
Juergen A. Richt
High dose of vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Ebola virus vaccine causes vesicular disease in swine without horizontal transmission
Emerging Microbes and Infections
Ebola virus disease
VSV
virus-vectored vaccine
safety study
swine
title High dose of vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Ebola virus vaccine causes vesicular disease in swine without horizontal transmission
title_full High dose of vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Ebola virus vaccine causes vesicular disease in swine without horizontal transmission
title_fullStr High dose of vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Ebola virus vaccine causes vesicular disease in swine without horizontal transmission
title_full_unstemmed High dose of vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Ebola virus vaccine causes vesicular disease in swine without horizontal transmission
title_short High dose of vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored Ebola virus vaccine causes vesicular disease in swine without horizontal transmission
title_sort high dose of vesicular stomatitis virus vectored ebola virus vaccine causes vesicular disease in swine without horizontal transmission
topic Ebola virus disease
VSV
virus-vectored vaccine
safety study
swine
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2021.1903343
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