Heat and moisture transfer dynamics in humidity-stratified paddy grain bulk under mechanical ventilation

Temperature and humidity within grain bulks are two critical factors affecting the safe storage duration of grains. Investigating the heat and moisture transfer mechanisms during storage, along with the coupled interactions among various in-silo factors, enables better prediction of grain storage co...

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Main Authors: Qiang Yin, Youjun He, Shuai Liu, Xiaopeng Liu, Yonglin Zhang, Shaoyun Song, Hui Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025022030
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author Qiang Yin
Youjun He
Shuai Liu
Xiaopeng Liu
Yonglin Zhang
Shaoyun Song
Hui Li
author_facet Qiang Yin
Youjun He
Shuai Liu
Xiaopeng Liu
Yonglin Zhang
Shaoyun Song
Hui Li
author_sort Qiang Yin
collection DOAJ
description Temperature and humidity within grain bulks are two critical factors affecting the safe storage duration of grains. Investigating the heat and moisture transfer mechanisms during storage, along with the coupled interactions among various in-silo factors, enables better prediction of grain storage conditions and supports high-quality grain preservation. In this study, a paddy grain bulk exhibiting humidity stratification inside a grain silo is selected as the research subjet. Based on multi-physics coupling theory, a comprehensive study is conducted on the heat and moisture transfer processes in the paddy grain bulk. A coupled heat and moisture transfer model is established under mechanical ventilation conditions according to the principles of mass, energy, and momentum conservation. Experimental validation is conducted using a custom-built grain silo test chamber, in which temperature and humidity data are collected during ventilation and compared with simulation results to assess model accuracy. The results show that the maximum temperature deviation between simulated and measured values at various monitoring points is 0.94 °C, while the relative humidity error remains within 2 %, demonstrating the model’s high accuracy and adaptability. Building upon existing heat and moisture modeling efforts, this study further deepens the coupling mechanisms and enables dynamic simulation and quantitative analysis of humidity stratification within the grain bulk. These findings provide theoretical support for understanding the mechanisms of humidity stratification and optimizing ventilation-drying strategies.
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publisher Elsevier
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spelling doaj-art-76651ae5df7949d0b57d2d3d08d70efa2025-08-20T03:16:57ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710613110.1016/j.rineng.2025.106131Heat and moisture transfer dynamics in humidity-stratified paddy grain bulk under mechanical ventilationQiang Yin0Youjun He1Shuai Liu2Xiaopeng Liu3Yonglin Zhang4Shaoyun Song5Hui Li6School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, ChinaCorresponding author.; School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, ChinaTemperature and humidity within grain bulks are two critical factors affecting the safe storage duration of grains. Investigating the heat and moisture transfer mechanisms during storage, along with the coupled interactions among various in-silo factors, enables better prediction of grain storage conditions and supports high-quality grain preservation. In this study, a paddy grain bulk exhibiting humidity stratification inside a grain silo is selected as the research subjet. Based on multi-physics coupling theory, a comprehensive study is conducted on the heat and moisture transfer processes in the paddy grain bulk. A coupled heat and moisture transfer model is established under mechanical ventilation conditions according to the principles of mass, energy, and momentum conservation. Experimental validation is conducted using a custom-built grain silo test chamber, in which temperature and humidity data are collected during ventilation and compared with simulation results to assess model accuracy. The results show that the maximum temperature deviation between simulated and measured values at various monitoring points is 0.94 °C, while the relative humidity error remains within 2 %, demonstrating the model’s high accuracy and adaptability. Building upon existing heat and moisture modeling efforts, this study further deepens the coupling mechanisms and enables dynamic simulation and quantitative analysis of humidity stratification within the grain bulk. These findings provide theoretical support for understanding the mechanisms of humidity stratification and optimizing ventilation-drying strategies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025022030Paddy grain pileHeat and moisture couplingCOMSOL;Mechanical ventilation
spellingShingle Qiang Yin
Youjun He
Shuai Liu
Xiaopeng Liu
Yonglin Zhang
Shaoyun Song
Hui Li
Heat and moisture transfer dynamics in humidity-stratified paddy grain bulk under mechanical ventilation
Results in Engineering
Paddy grain pile
Heat and moisture coupling
COMSOL;Mechanical ventilation
title Heat and moisture transfer dynamics in humidity-stratified paddy grain bulk under mechanical ventilation
title_full Heat and moisture transfer dynamics in humidity-stratified paddy grain bulk under mechanical ventilation
title_fullStr Heat and moisture transfer dynamics in humidity-stratified paddy grain bulk under mechanical ventilation
title_full_unstemmed Heat and moisture transfer dynamics in humidity-stratified paddy grain bulk under mechanical ventilation
title_short Heat and moisture transfer dynamics in humidity-stratified paddy grain bulk under mechanical ventilation
title_sort heat and moisture transfer dynamics in humidity stratified paddy grain bulk under mechanical ventilation
topic Paddy grain pile
Heat and moisture coupling
COMSOL;Mechanical ventilation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025022030
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AT xiaopengliu heatandmoisturetransferdynamicsinhumiditystratifiedpaddygrainbulkundermechanicalventilation
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