The Effect of Chronic and Inhospital Exposure to Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on the Outcome and Inflammatory State of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Adult Inpatients

Background. Controversies exist about the effect of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcome. The inhospital use of RASi and its effect on inflammatory sate are still poorly studied during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives. We aimed to compare the imp...

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Main Authors: Pedro Gaspar, Inês Parreira, Pedro Antunes Meireles, Filipe Bessa, Virgílio Dias Silva, Ana Mafalda Abrantes, António Pais de Lacerda, Catarina Mota
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
Series:International Journal of Hypertension
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517441
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author Pedro Gaspar
Inês Parreira
Pedro Antunes Meireles
Filipe Bessa
Virgílio Dias Silva
Ana Mafalda Abrantes
António Pais de Lacerda
Catarina Mota
author_facet Pedro Gaspar
Inês Parreira
Pedro Antunes Meireles
Filipe Bessa
Virgílio Dias Silva
Ana Mafalda Abrantes
António Pais de Lacerda
Catarina Mota
author_sort Pedro Gaspar
collection DOAJ
description Background. Controversies exist about the effect of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcome. The inhospital use of RASi and its effect on inflammatory sate are still poorly studied during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives. We aimed to compare the impact of previous and inhospital RASi exposure on the outcome and inflammatory response of COVID-19 patients. Methods. Single-centre, ambispective analysis of hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients at Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, between March and August 2020 was performed. We excluded asymptomatic patients and those admitted due to another disease. The primary outcome was inhospital all-cause mortality. Illness severity was assessed based on the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury (ARDS/ALI), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We used C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) as surrogate markers of the inflammatory response. Results. From a total of 432 patients, 279 were selected, among whom 133 (47.7%) were receiving a RASi. Chronic treatment with RASi was not associated with the risk of death (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.66–2.31, p=0.500), ARDS/ALI development (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.67–1.86, p=0.676), ICU admission (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.67–1.84, p = 0.686), and IMV need (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.58–1.84, p=0.917) in a univariable and multivariable analysis. Inhospital RASi withdrawing was associated with the risk of death (OR 4.38, 95% CI 1.11–17.21, p=0.035) and ARDS/ALI development (OR 4.33, 95% CI 1.49–12.6, p=0.007), the latter remaining significant after adjustment. Previous exposure to RASi was associated with lower CRP levels at admission (p=0.018). IL-6 levels were significantly higher in those patients whose RASi were stopped (p=0.024). Conclusion. Previous and inhospital exposure to RASi was not associated with mortality nor severity of COVID-19. This study supports current guidance on RASi management during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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spelling doaj-art-764dfff875db4fcaba04014a76e73f4f2025-08-20T02:07:16ZengWileyInternational Journal of Hypertension2090-03842090-03922021-01-01202110.1155/2021/55174415517441The Effect of Chronic and Inhospital Exposure to Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on the Outcome and Inflammatory State of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Adult InpatientsPedro Gaspar0Inês Parreira1Pedro Antunes Meireles2Filipe Bessa3Virgílio Dias Silva4Ana Mafalda Abrantes5António Pais de Lacerda6Catarina Mota7Serviço de Medicina 2, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalServiço de Medicina 2, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalServiço de Medicina 2, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalServiço de Medicina 2, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalServiço de Medicina 2, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalServiço de Medicina 2, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalServiço de Medicina 2, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalServiço de Medicina 2, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalBackground. Controversies exist about the effect of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcome. The inhospital use of RASi and its effect on inflammatory sate are still poorly studied during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives. We aimed to compare the impact of previous and inhospital RASi exposure on the outcome and inflammatory response of COVID-19 patients. Methods. Single-centre, ambispective analysis of hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients at Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, between March and August 2020 was performed. We excluded asymptomatic patients and those admitted due to another disease. The primary outcome was inhospital all-cause mortality. Illness severity was assessed based on the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury (ARDS/ALI), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We used C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) as surrogate markers of the inflammatory response. Results. From a total of 432 patients, 279 were selected, among whom 133 (47.7%) were receiving a RASi. Chronic treatment with RASi was not associated with the risk of death (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.66–2.31, p=0.500), ARDS/ALI development (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.67–1.86, p=0.676), ICU admission (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.67–1.84, p = 0.686), and IMV need (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.58–1.84, p=0.917) in a univariable and multivariable analysis. Inhospital RASi withdrawing was associated with the risk of death (OR 4.38, 95% CI 1.11–17.21, p=0.035) and ARDS/ALI development (OR 4.33, 95% CI 1.49–12.6, p=0.007), the latter remaining significant after adjustment. Previous exposure to RASi was associated with lower CRP levels at admission (p=0.018). IL-6 levels were significantly higher in those patients whose RASi were stopped (p=0.024). Conclusion. Previous and inhospital exposure to RASi was not associated with mortality nor severity of COVID-19. This study supports current guidance on RASi management during the COVID-19 pandemic.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517441
spellingShingle Pedro Gaspar
Inês Parreira
Pedro Antunes Meireles
Filipe Bessa
Virgílio Dias Silva
Ana Mafalda Abrantes
António Pais de Lacerda
Catarina Mota
The Effect of Chronic and Inhospital Exposure to Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on the Outcome and Inflammatory State of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Adult Inpatients
International Journal of Hypertension
title The Effect of Chronic and Inhospital Exposure to Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on the Outcome and Inflammatory State of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Adult Inpatients
title_full The Effect of Chronic and Inhospital Exposure to Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on the Outcome and Inflammatory State of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Adult Inpatients
title_fullStr The Effect of Chronic and Inhospital Exposure to Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on the Outcome and Inflammatory State of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Adult Inpatients
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Chronic and Inhospital Exposure to Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on the Outcome and Inflammatory State of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Adult Inpatients
title_short The Effect of Chronic and Inhospital Exposure to Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on the Outcome and Inflammatory State of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Adult Inpatients
title_sort effect of chronic and inhospital exposure to renin angiotensin system inhibitors on the outcome and inflammatory state of coronavirus disease 2019 adult inpatients
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517441
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