LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) mediates acidic bile salt-induced EMT via the ULK1-Notch1 axis in Barrett’s esophagus

Abstract Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a precancerous condition closely linked to chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, characterized by the abnormal transformation of esophageal squamous mucosa into specialized intestinal-type epithelium, significantly elevating the risk of esophageal adenocarcino...

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Main Authors: Jianfeng Zhou, Rongyan Zhao, Zixiang Li, Xuelan Ma, Wenke Jin, Yong Yuan, Ning Li, Bo Liu, Yushang Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Molecular Biomedicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-025-00285-4
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author Jianfeng Zhou
Rongyan Zhao
Zixiang Li
Xuelan Ma
Wenke Jin
Yong Yuan
Ning Li
Bo Liu
Yushang Yang
author_facet Jianfeng Zhou
Rongyan Zhao
Zixiang Li
Xuelan Ma
Wenke Jin
Yong Yuan
Ning Li
Bo Liu
Yushang Yang
author_sort Jianfeng Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a precancerous condition closely linked to chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, characterized by the abnormal transformation of esophageal squamous mucosa into specialized intestinal-type epithelium, significantly elevating the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Recurrent acidic bile reflux promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical event driving malignant progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify the long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) as a novel regulator of EMT in BE, mediating its effects through the UNC-52-like kinase 1 (ULK1)-Notch1 signaling axis and autophagy modulation. Using BAR-T and CP-C cell models, we demonstrate that SNHG1 expression is elevated following acidic bile salt exposure, enhancing EMT characteristics by promoting the phosphorylation of ULK1 and activating Notch1 signaling. Pharmacological interventions targeting autophagy (Rapamycin) and Notch signaling (DAPT) further confirmed that SNHG1’s effects on EMT are mediated via modulation of the autophagy-Notch1 interplay. We further validated our results in vivo using the previously described IL1β-induced Lgr5-CreERT2; p16flox/flox/KrasG12D mouse model, which reliably reproduces the histological progression of Barrett’s-like dysplasia in the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ), confirming SNHG1’s critical role in regulating EMT and BE progression. Additionally, SNHG1 expression was significantly elevated in patients who progressed to low- or high-grade dysplasia, as confirmed by diagnostic endoscopic biopsies. Collectively, our study uncovers SNHG1 as a central molecular mediator linking acidic bile-induced EMT and autophagy regulation via the ULK1-Notch1 axis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for preventing BE recurrence and progression to EAC.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-764cef3f5be34f3aaa50e20ca6deb8b32025-08-20T03:04:21ZengSpringerMolecular Biomedicine2662-86512025-07-016111810.1186/s43556-025-00285-4LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) mediates acidic bile salt-induced EMT via the ULK1-Notch1 axis in Barrett’s esophagusJianfeng Zhou0Rongyan Zhao1Zixiang Li2Xuelan Ma3Wenke Jin4Yong Yuan5Ning Li6Bo Liu7Yushang Yang8Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversitySchool of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityAbstract Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a precancerous condition closely linked to chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, characterized by the abnormal transformation of esophageal squamous mucosa into specialized intestinal-type epithelium, significantly elevating the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Recurrent acidic bile reflux promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical event driving malignant progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify the long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) as a novel regulator of EMT in BE, mediating its effects through the UNC-52-like kinase 1 (ULK1)-Notch1 signaling axis and autophagy modulation. Using BAR-T and CP-C cell models, we demonstrate that SNHG1 expression is elevated following acidic bile salt exposure, enhancing EMT characteristics by promoting the phosphorylation of ULK1 and activating Notch1 signaling. Pharmacological interventions targeting autophagy (Rapamycin) and Notch signaling (DAPT) further confirmed that SNHG1’s effects on EMT are mediated via modulation of the autophagy-Notch1 interplay. We further validated our results in vivo using the previously described IL1β-induced Lgr5-CreERT2; p16flox/flox/KrasG12D mouse model, which reliably reproduces the histological progression of Barrett’s-like dysplasia in the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ), confirming SNHG1’s critical role in regulating EMT and BE progression. Additionally, SNHG1 expression was significantly elevated in patients who progressed to low- or high-grade dysplasia, as confirmed by diagnostic endoscopic biopsies. Collectively, our study uncovers SNHG1 as a central molecular mediator linking acidic bile-induced EMT and autophagy regulation via the ULK1-Notch1 axis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for preventing BE recurrence and progression to EAC.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-025-00285-4Barrett’s esophagusSmall nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1)UNC-52-like kinase 1 (ULK1)Notch1Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
spellingShingle Jianfeng Zhou
Rongyan Zhao
Zixiang Li
Xuelan Ma
Wenke Jin
Yong Yuan
Ning Li
Bo Liu
Yushang Yang
LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) mediates acidic bile salt-induced EMT via the ULK1-Notch1 axis in Barrett’s esophagus
Molecular Biomedicine
Barrett’s esophagus
Small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1)
UNC-52-like kinase 1 (ULK1)
Notch1
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
title LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) mediates acidic bile salt-induced EMT via the ULK1-Notch1 axis in Barrett’s esophagus
title_full LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) mediates acidic bile salt-induced EMT via the ULK1-Notch1 axis in Barrett’s esophagus
title_fullStr LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) mediates acidic bile salt-induced EMT via the ULK1-Notch1 axis in Barrett’s esophagus
title_full_unstemmed LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) mediates acidic bile salt-induced EMT via the ULK1-Notch1 axis in Barrett’s esophagus
title_short LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) mediates acidic bile salt-induced EMT via the ULK1-Notch1 axis in Barrett’s esophagus
title_sort lncrna small nucleolar rna host gene 1 snhg1 mediates acidic bile salt induced emt via the ulk1 notch1 axis in barrett s esophagus
topic Barrett’s esophagus
Small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1)
UNC-52-like kinase 1 (ULK1)
Notch1
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-025-00285-4
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