Characterization of Seasonal Difference of HULIS-C Sources from Water Soluble PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea: Probing Secondary Processes
Abstract HUmic-LIke Substances (HULIS) consists of a significant fraction of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and optically active brown carbon. Understanding seasonality in their abundance and sources is an important step to quantifying their impacts on air quality and climate. In this study, we...
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| Format: | Article |
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Springer
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0233 |
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| author | Hyung-Min Lee Se Pyo Lee Yugen Li Jian Zhen Yu Jin Young Kim Yong Pyo Kim Ji Yi Lee |
| author_facet | Hyung-Min Lee Se Pyo Lee Yugen Li Jian Zhen Yu Jin Young Kim Yong Pyo Kim Ji Yi Lee |
| author_sort | Hyung-Min Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract HUmic-LIke Substances (HULIS) consists of a significant fraction of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and optically active brown carbon. Understanding seasonality in their abundance and sources is an important step to quantifying their impacts on air quality and climate. In this study, we characterized the seasonal variation of HULIS-C (the carbon component of HULIS) and identified primary and secondary sources contributing to HULIS-C at an urban site in Seoul, Korea by analyzing 131 PM2.5 samples collected over a year from October 2012 to September 2013. The HULIS-C in Seoul had an annual average of 2.0 µg m−3, and displayed a seasonality of highest abundance in the winter (2.7 ± 1.3 µg m−3) and the lowest in the summer (1.7 ± 0.8 µg m−3). Its fraction in WSOC reached up to 0.96 in the summer while remained relatively constant in the range of 0.4–0.6 in other seasons. Sources of HULIS-C were resolved using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and checked using inter-species relationships between HILIS-C and aerosol components. Specifically, secondary processes including aging and heterogeneous reaction (26%) contributes to the year-round background concentration of HULIS-C and fresh biomass burning (38%) and incomplete combustion (16%) were the major sources of underlying seasonal variation. We also found aging process in the secondary process had an important role in HULIS-C formation and was a dominant contributor in the summer while heterogenous reaction contributed considerably in other seasons. It implies that the different secondary processes in forming HULIS should be considered when the radiative forcing of brown carbon is estimated. Because these processes can lead the different physicochemical properties of HULIS in aerosols. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-764cab477b85422d8826f88199dc762d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-764cab477b85422d8826f88199dc762d2025-02-09T12:21:43ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092020-10-0121211610.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0233Characterization of Seasonal Difference of HULIS-C Sources from Water Soluble PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea: Probing Secondary ProcessesHyung-Min Lee0Se Pyo Lee1Yugen Li2Jian Zhen Yu3Jin Young Kim4Yong Pyo Kim5Ji Yi Lee6School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National UniversityEnvironmental Meteorology Research Division, National Institute of Meteorological SciencesDivision of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water BayDivision of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water BayGreen City Technology Institute, Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans UniversityDepartment of Environ. Sci. and Engineering, Ewha Womans UniversityAbstract HUmic-LIke Substances (HULIS) consists of a significant fraction of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and optically active brown carbon. Understanding seasonality in their abundance and sources is an important step to quantifying their impacts on air quality and climate. In this study, we characterized the seasonal variation of HULIS-C (the carbon component of HULIS) and identified primary and secondary sources contributing to HULIS-C at an urban site in Seoul, Korea by analyzing 131 PM2.5 samples collected over a year from October 2012 to September 2013. The HULIS-C in Seoul had an annual average of 2.0 µg m−3, and displayed a seasonality of highest abundance in the winter (2.7 ± 1.3 µg m−3) and the lowest in the summer (1.7 ± 0.8 µg m−3). Its fraction in WSOC reached up to 0.96 in the summer while remained relatively constant in the range of 0.4–0.6 in other seasons. Sources of HULIS-C were resolved using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and checked using inter-species relationships between HILIS-C and aerosol components. Specifically, secondary processes including aging and heterogeneous reaction (26%) contributes to the year-round background concentration of HULIS-C and fresh biomass burning (38%) and incomplete combustion (16%) were the major sources of underlying seasonal variation. We also found aging process in the secondary process had an important role in HULIS-C formation and was a dominant contributor in the summer while heterogenous reaction contributed considerably in other seasons. It implies that the different secondary processes in forming HULIS should be considered when the radiative forcing of brown carbon is estimated. Because these processes can lead the different physicochemical properties of HULIS in aerosols.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0233Seasonal variationAgingHeterogeneous reactionPositive matrix factorization |
| spellingShingle | Hyung-Min Lee Se Pyo Lee Yugen Li Jian Zhen Yu Jin Young Kim Yong Pyo Kim Ji Yi Lee Characterization of Seasonal Difference of HULIS-C Sources from Water Soluble PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea: Probing Secondary Processes Aerosol and Air Quality Research Seasonal variation Aging Heterogeneous reaction Positive matrix factorization |
| title | Characterization of Seasonal Difference of HULIS-C Sources from Water Soluble PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea: Probing Secondary Processes |
| title_full | Characterization of Seasonal Difference of HULIS-C Sources from Water Soluble PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea: Probing Secondary Processes |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Seasonal Difference of HULIS-C Sources from Water Soluble PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea: Probing Secondary Processes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Seasonal Difference of HULIS-C Sources from Water Soluble PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea: Probing Secondary Processes |
| title_short | Characterization of Seasonal Difference of HULIS-C Sources from Water Soluble PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea: Probing Secondary Processes |
| title_sort | characterization of seasonal difference of hulis c sources from water soluble pm2 5 in seoul korea probing secondary processes |
| topic | Seasonal variation Aging Heterogeneous reaction Positive matrix factorization |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0233 |
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