Prolonged Venous Transit as a Superior Predictor of Functional Outcomes in Successfully Reperfused Large Vessel Occlusions: Comparative Analysis With Cerebral Blood Volume Index and Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio

Background Collateral status plays a crucial role in outcomes after acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. Tissue‐level collaterals and venous outflow are key components following mechanical thrombectomy. This study evaluates the predictive performance of prolonged venous transit (PVT)...

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Main Authors: Janet Mei, Hamza Adel Salim, Dhairya A. Lakhani, Aneri Balar, Vaibhav Vagal, Manisha Koneru, Dylan Wolman, Risheng Xu, Victor Urrutia, Elisabeth Breese Marsh, Benjamin Pulli, Meisam Hoseinyazdi, Licia Luna, Francis Deng, Nathan Z. Hyson, Mona Shahriari, Adam A. Dmytriw, Adrien Guenego, Gregory W. Albers, Hanzhang Lu, Kambiz Nael, Argye E. Hillis, Rafael Llinas, Max Wintermark, Tobias D. Faizy, Jeremy J. Heit, Vivek Yedavalli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.039924
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author Janet Mei
Hamza Adel Salim
Dhairya A. Lakhani
Aneri Balar
Vaibhav Vagal
Manisha Koneru
Dylan Wolman
Risheng Xu
Victor Urrutia
Elisabeth Breese Marsh
Benjamin Pulli
Meisam Hoseinyazdi
Licia Luna
Francis Deng
Nathan Z. Hyson
Mona Shahriari
Adam A. Dmytriw
Adrien Guenego
Gregory W. Albers
Hanzhang Lu
Kambiz Nael
Argye E. Hillis
Rafael Llinas
Max Wintermark
Tobias D. Faizy
Jeremy J. Heit
Vivek Yedavalli
author_facet Janet Mei
Hamza Adel Salim
Dhairya A. Lakhani
Aneri Balar
Vaibhav Vagal
Manisha Koneru
Dylan Wolman
Risheng Xu
Victor Urrutia
Elisabeth Breese Marsh
Benjamin Pulli
Meisam Hoseinyazdi
Licia Luna
Francis Deng
Nathan Z. Hyson
Mona Shahriari
Adam A. Dmytriw
Adrien Guenego
Gregory W. Albers
Hanzhang Lu
Kambiz Nael
Argye E. Hillis
Rafael Llinas
Max Wintermark
Tobias D. Faizy
Jeremy J. Heit
Vivek Yedavalli
author_sort Janet Mei
collection DOAJ
description Background Collateral status plays a crucial role in outcomes after acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. Tissue‐level collaterals and venous outflow are key components following mechanical thrombectomy. This study evaluates the predictive performance of prolonged venous transit (PVT), cerebral blood volume index, and hypoperfusion intensity ratio in determining 90‐day functional outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively analyzed patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion with successful mechanical thrombectomy (modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction score 2b, 2c, or 3). PVT+ was defined as Tmax ≥10 seconds in the superior sagittal sinus or torcula. Favorable hypoperfusion intensity ratio was <0.4, and cerebral blood volume index was ≥0.8. We assessed their predictive value using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Among 119 patients (median age: 71 years, 59.7% female), 37 (30.3%) were PVT+. Favorable 90‐day modified Rankin Scale score (≤2) was achieved in 53.8%. PVT− had a sensitivity of 84.4%, outperforming cerebral blood volume index (75.0%) and hypoperfusion intensity ratio (54.7%). Combining PVT with CBV index or hypoperfusion intensity ratio improved predictive accuracy (area under the curve: 0.716–0.727; all P<0.05). Conclusions PVT is a superior predictor of 90‐day functional outcomes compared with cerebral blood volume index and hypoperfusion intensity ratio, emphasizing the role of venous outflow in collateral assessment and stroke prognosis.
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spelling doaj-art-764a550ec5d645f7944fc29272e46eaa2025-08-20T01:52:38ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-04-0114810.1161/JAHA.124.039924Prolonged Venous Transit as a Superior Predictor of Functional Outcomes in Successfully Reperfused Large Vessel Occlusions: Comparative Analysis With Cerebral Blood Volume Index and Hypoperfusion Intensity RatioJanet Mei0Hamza Adel Salim1Dhairya A. Lakhani2Aneri Balar3Vaibhav Vagal4Manisha Koneru5Dylan Wolman6Risheng Xu7Victor Urrutia8Elisabeth Breese Marsh9Benjamin Pulli10Meisam Hoseinyazdi11Licia Luna12Francis Deng13Nathan Z. Hyson14Mona Shahriari15Adam A. Dmytriw16Adrien Guenego17Gregory W. Albers18Hanzhang Lu19Kambiz Nael20Argye E. Hillis21Rafael Llinas22Max Wintermark23Tobias D. Faizy24Jeremy J. Heit25Vivek Yedavalli26Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USARenaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USADepartment of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Radiology Brown University Providence RI USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Neurology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Neurology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Interventional Neuroradiology Stanford Medical Center Palo Alto CA USADepartment of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USANeuroendovascular Program Massachusetts General Hospital &amp; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USADepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Erasme University Hospital Brussels BelgiumDepartment of Interventional Neuroradiology Stanford Medical Center Palo Alto CA USADepartment of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Radiology &amp; Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco CA USADepartment of Neurology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Neurology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USADepartment of Neuroradiology MD Anderson Medical Center Houston TX USADepartment of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program University Medical Center Münster Münster GermanyDepartment of Interventional Neuroradiology Stanford Medical Center Palo Alto CA USADepartment of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology Johns Hopkins Medical Center Baltimore MD USABackground Collateral status plays a crucial role in outcomes after acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. Tissue‐level collaterals and venous outflow are key components following mechanical thrombectomy. This study evaluates the predictive performance of prolonged venous transit (PVT), cerebral blood volume index, and hypoperfusion intensity ratio in determining 90‐day functional outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively analyzed patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion with successful mechanical thrombectomy (modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction score 2b, 2c, or 3). PVT+ was defined as Tmax ≥10 seconds in the superior sagittal sinus or torcula. Favorable hypoperfusion intensity ratio was <0.4, and cerebral blood volume index was ≥0.8. We assessed their predictive value using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Among 119 patients (median age: 71 years, 59.7% female), 37 (30.3%) were PVT+. Favorable 90‐day modified Rankin Scale score (≤2) was achieved in 53.8%. PVT− had a sensitivity of 84.4%, outperforming cerebral blood volume index (75.0%) and hypoperfusion intensity ratio (54.7%). Combining PVT with CBV index or hypoperfusion intensity ratio improved predictive accuracy (area under the curve: 0.716–0.727; all P<0.05). Conclusions PVT is a superior predictor of 90‐day functional outcomes compared with cerebral blood volume index and hypoperfusion intensity ratio, emphasizing the role of venous outflow in collateral assessment and stroke prognosis.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.039924collateral assessmentCT perfusionlarge vessel occlusiontissue‐level collateralsvenous outflow
spellingShingle Janet Mei
Hamza Adel Salim
Dhairya A. Lakhani
Aneri Balar
Vaibhav Vagal
Manisha Koneru
Dylan Wolman
Risheng Xu
Victor Urrutia
Elisabeth Breese Marsh
Benjamin Pulli
Meisam Hoseinyazdi
Licia Luna
Francis Deng
Nathan Z. Hyson
Mona Shahriari
Adam A. Dmytriw
Adrien Guenego
Gregory W. Albers
Hanzhang Lu
Kambiz Nael
Argye E. Hillis
Rafael Llinas
Max Wintermark
Tobias D. Faizy
Jeremy J. Heit
Vivek Yedavalli
Prolonged Venous Transit as a Superior Predictor of Functional Outcomes in Successfully Reperfused Large Vessel Occlusions: Comparative Analysis With Cerebral Blood Volume Index and Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
collateral assessment
CT perfusion
large vessel occlusion
tissue‐level collaterals
venous outflow
title Prolonged Venous Transit as a Superior Predictor of Functional Outcomes in Successfully Reperfused Large Vessel Occlusions: Comparative Analysis With Cerebral Blood Volume Index and Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio
title_full Prolonged Venous Transit as a Superior Predictor of Functional Outcomes in Successfully Reperfused Large Vessel Occlusions: Comparative Analysis With Cerebral Blood Volume Index and Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio
title_fullStr Prolonged Venous Transit as a Superior Predictor of Functional Outcomes in Successfully Reperfused Large Vessel Occlusions: Comparative Analysis With Cerebral Blood Volume Index and Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio
title_full_unstemmed Prolonged Venous Transit as a Superior Predictor of Functional Outcomes in Successfully Reperfused Large Vessel Occlusions: Comparative Analysis With Cerebral Blood Volume Index and Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio
title_short Prolonged Venous Transit as a Superior Predictor of Functional Outcomes in Successfully Reperfused Large Vessel Occlusions: Comparative Analysis With Cerebral Blood Volume Index and Hypoperfusion Intensity Ratio
title_sort prolonged venous transit as a superior predictor of functional outcomes in successfully reperfused large vessel occlusions comparative analysis with cerebral blood volume index and hypoperfusion intensity ratio
topic collateral assessment
CT perfusion
large vessel occlusion
tissue‐level collaterals
venous outflow
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.039924
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