Effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in Poland
Abstract Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns, affecting pregnant women and potentially leading to numerous complications for both maternal and neonatal health. The aim of this study is to estimate how pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, as well as gestational weight gain,...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91879-z |
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| author | Justyna Marchewka-Długońska Joanna Nieczuja-Dwojacka Krystyna Krygowska Veronika Bogdanovich Dorota Sys Barbara Baranowska Magdalena Kobus |
| author_facet | Justyna Marchewka-Długońska Joanna Nieczuja-Dwojacka Krystyna Krygowska Veronika Bogdanovich Dorota Sys Barbara Baranowska Magdalena Kobus |
| author_sort | Justyna Marchewka-Długońska |
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| description | Abstract Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns, affecting pregnant women and potentially leading to numerous complications for both maternal and neonatal health. The aim of this study is to estimate how pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, as well as gestational weight gain, influence pregnancy outcomes and neonatal health in Poland. The study material consisted of data from 2878 women aged 16–46 years from hospitals in Warsaw and Krosno. The analysis included data on the course of singleton pregnancies and the biological condition of the newborns, correlated with pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG), which were compared to the standards set by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Factor that significantly influences pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG is the number of pregnancies. For first-born women pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly lower than that of women giving birth for the second, third and subsequent times (ANOVA p < 0.0001), at the same time, the increase in weight in this group was the greatest (ANOVA p < 0.0001). The study found that pre-pregnancy BMI correlates more strongly with the occurrence of gestational diabetes than GWG above IOM recommendations (regression: p < 0.0001, R = 0.112 vs. p < 0.0001, R = 0.104). Analogous correlations were observed for the incidence of gestational hypertension and termination of pregnancy by caesarean section. Birth weight and length are significantly affected by both pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG but the effect of weight change is stronger (birth weight - pre-pregnancy BMI regression p < 0.0001, R = 0.116; GWG p < 0.0001, R = 0.248; birth length - pre-pregnancy BMI regression p < 0.0001, R = 0.087; GWG p < 0.0001, R = 0.180). An analogous relationship was observed for the presence of macrosomia. For APGAR scores, an inverse relationship was observed; while GWG did not show a significant relationship with the first minute score, perinatal neonatal status was significantly related to the mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI (regression p = 0.0006). Similarly, pre-pregnancy maternal BMI > 25 significantly increased the odds of perinatal injury and breastfeeding difficulties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7641603097f74d898e7e4e609d2395cf |
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| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-7641603097f74d898e7e4e609d2395cf2025-08-20T01:57:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-91879-zEffects of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in PolandJustyna Marchewka-Długońska0Joanna Nieczuja-Dwojacka1Krystyna Krygowska2Veronika Bogdanovich3Dorota Sys4Barbara Baranowska5Magdalena Kobus6Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in WarsawInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in WarsawState University of Applied Sciences in Krosno, John Paul II Podkarpacie Regional HospitalInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in WarsawDepartment of Reproductive Health, Centre for Postgraduate Medical EducationDepartment of Midwifery, Centre for Postgraduate Medical EducationInstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in WarsawAbstract Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns, affecting pregnant women and potentially leading to numerous complications for both maternal and neonatal health. The aim of this study is to estimate how pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, as well as gestational weight gain, influence pregnancy outcomes and neonatal health in Poland. The study material consisted of data from 2878 women aged 16–46 years from hospitals in Warsaw and Krosno. The analysis included data on the course of singleton pregnancies and the biological condition of the newborns, correlated with pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG), which were compared to the standards set by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Factor that significantly influences pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG is the number of pregnancies. For first-born women pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly lower than that of women giving birth for the second, third and subsequent times (ANOVA p < 0.0001), at the same time, the increase in weight in this group was the greatest (ANOVA p < 0.0001). The study found that pre-pregnancy BMI correlates more strongly with the occurrence of gestational diabetes than GWG above IOM recommendations (regression: p < 0.0001, R = 0.112 vs. p < 0.0001, R = 0.104). Analogous correlations were observed for the incidence of gestational hypertension and termination of pregnancy by caesarean section. Birth weight and length are significantly affected by both pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG but the effect of weight change is stronger (birth weight - pre-pregnancy BMI regression p < 0.0001, R = 0.116; GWG p < 0.0001, R = 0.248; birth length - pre-pregnancy BMI regression p < 0.0001, R = 0.087; GWG p < 0.0001, R = 0.180). An analogous relationship was observed for the presence of macrosomia. For APGAR scores, an inverse relationship was observed; while GWG did not show a significant relationship with the first minute score, perinatal neonatal status was significantly related to the mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI (regression p = 0.0006). Similarly, pre-pregnancy maternal BMI > 25 significantly increased the odds of perinatal injury and breastfeeding difficulties.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91879-zOverweightObesityPregnancyNeonatalNewborn outcomes |
| spellingShingle | Justyna Marchewka-Długońska Joanna Nieczuja-Dwojacka Krystyna Krygowska Veronika Bogdanovich Dorota Sys Barbara Baranowska Magdalena Kobus Effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in Poland Scientific Reports Overweight Obesity Pregnancy Neonatal Newborn outcomes |
| title | Effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in Poland |
| title_full | Effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in Poland |
| title_fullStr | Effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in Poland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in Poland |
| title_short | Effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in Poland |
| title_sort | effects of pre pregnancy bmi and gestational weight gain on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in poland |
| topic | Overweight Obesity Pregnancy Neonatal Newborn outcomes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91879-z |
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