Sediment Dynamics and Bed Stability in Step‐Pool Streams: Insights From 18 Years of Field Observations

Abstract Step‐pools are a common morphology in gravel‐bed streams with gradients between 3% and 30%, where coarse sediment and wood are present. Recent experimental work has offered insight on the formation of step‐pools, flow resistance, and interactions between sediment transport and channel morph...

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Main Authors: Marwan A. Hassan, Matteo Saletti, Conor McDowell, Wenqi Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2023-01-01
Series:Water Resources Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032864
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author Marwan A. Hassan
Matteo Saletti
Conor McDowell
Wenqi Li
author_facet Marwan A. Hassan
Matteo Saletti
Conor McDowell
Wenqi Li
author_sort Marwan A. Hassan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Step‐pools are a common morphology in gravel‐bed streams with gradients between 3% and 30%, where coarse sediment and wood are present. Recent experimental work has offered insight on the formation of step‐pools, flow resistance, and interactions between sediment transport and channel morphology. However, field observations are sparse and often limited by short observation periods. Using an extensive 18‐year data set, we examine controls on sediment mobility, step stability, and sediment storage in East Creek, a step‐pool reach in British Columbia. Event bedload yield correlated with peak flow and ranged over two orders of magnitude. For most events, bedload grain‐size was finer than the grain size distribution of the sediment found in pools. Fractional sediment mobility was independent of the flow magnitude and controlled by sediment supply. The large stones that comprise the steps were generally mobile during large events (>10‐year recurrence interval), although the largest ones were not. Despite the movement of large stones, the skeleton of the steps remained in place even during an event with a near 125‐year recurrence interval. Temporal trends in sediment storage in pools show that most events cause negligible changes in sediment storage. Our field observations indicate that the step‐pool morphology of East Creek is stable, as the morphology and shape of the steps persisted under a wide range of flows. The overall stability of the reach is confirmed by observed trends in bedload yield and particle mobility.
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spelling doaj-art-762a4329ea4c4f96adee7fffa86cd6092025-08-20T03:27:52ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732023-01-01591n/an/a10.1029/2022WR032864Sediment Dynamics and Bed Stability in Step‐Pool Streams: Insights From 18 Years of Field ObservationsMarwan A. Hassan0Matteo Saletti1Conor McDowell2Wenqi Li3Department of Geography The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC CanadaSchool of Environmental Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC CanadaDepartment of Geography The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC CanadaDepartment of Geography The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC CanadaAbstract Step‐pools are a common morphology in gravel‐bed streams with gradients between 3% and 30%, where coarse sediment and wood are present. Recent experimental work has offered insight on the formation of step‐pools, flow resistance, and interactions between sediment transport and channel morphology. However, field observations are sparse and often limited by short observation periods. Using an extensive 18‐year data set, we examine controls on sediment mobility, step stability, and sediment storage in East Creek, a step‐pool reach in British Columbia. Event bedload yield correlated with peak flow and ranged over two orders of magnitude. For most events, bedload grain‐size was finer than the grain size distribution of the sediment found in pools. Fractional sediment mobility was independent of the flow magnitude and controlled by sediment supply. The large stones that comprise the steps were generally mobile during large events (>10‐year recurrence interval), although the largest ones were not. Despite the movement of large stones, the skeleton of the steps remained in place even during an event with a near 125‐year recurrence interval. Temporal trends in sediment storage in pools show that most events cause negligible changes in sediment storage. Our field observations indicate that the step‐pool morphology of East Creek is stable, as the morphology and shape of the steps persisted under a wide range of flows. The overall stability of the reach is confirmed by observed trends in bedload yield and particle mobility.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032864step‐poolgravel‐bed streamsediment transportchannel stabilitysediment supplyflow regime
spellingShingle Marwan A. Hassan
Matteo Saletti
Conor McDowell
Wenqi Li
Sediment Dynamics and Bed Stability in Step‐Pool Streams: Insights From 18 Years of Field Observations
Water Resources Research
step‐pool
gravel‐bed stream
sediment transport
channel stability
sediment supply
flow regime
title Sediment Dynamics and Bed Stability in Step‐Pool Streams: Insights From 18 Years of Field Observations
title_full Sediment Dynamics and Bed Stability in Step‐Pool Streams: Insights From 18 Years of Field Observations
title_fullStr Sediment Dynamics and Bed Stability in Step‐Pool Streams: Insights From 18 Years of Field Observations
title_full_unstemmed Sediment Dynamics and Bed Stability in Step‐Pool Streams: Insights From 18 Years of Field Observations
title_short Sediment Dynamics and Bed Stability in Step‐Pool Streams: Insights From 18 Years of Field Observations
title_sort sediment dynamics and bed stability in step pool streams insights from 18 years of field observations
topic step‐pool
gravel‐bed stream
sediment transport
channel stability
sediment supply
flow regime
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032864
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AT matteosaletti sedimentdynamicsandbedstabilityinsteppoolstreamsinsightsfrom18yearsoffieldobservations
AT conormcdowell sedimentdynamicsandbedstabilityinsteppoolstreamsinsightsfrom18yearsoffieldobservations
AT wenqili sedimentdynamicsandbedstabilityinsteppoolstreamsinsightsfrom18yearsoffieldobservations