Seeking Solutions for Inclusively Economic, Rapid, and Safe Molecular Detection of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: Comprehensive Review from Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques to Amplification-Free Biosensing
Frequent outbreaks of respiratory infectious diseases, driven by diverse pathogens, have long posed significant threats to public health, economic productivity, and societal stability. Respiratory infectious diseases are highly contagious, characterized by short incubation periods, diverse symptoms,...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Micromachines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/4/472 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849714026166091776 |
|---|---|
| author | Yaping Xie Zisheng Zong Qin Jiang Xingxing Ke Zhigang Wu |
| author_facet | Yaping Xie Zisheng Zong Qin Jiang Xingxing Ke Zhigang Wu |
| author_sort | Yaping Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Frequent outbreaks of respiratory infectious diseases, driven by diverse pathogens, have long posed significant threats to public health, economic productivity, and societal stability. Respiratory infectious diseases are highly contagious, characterized by short incubation periods, diverse symptoms, multiple transmission routes, susceptibility to mutations, and distinct seasonality, contributing to their propensity for outbreaks. The absence of effective antiviral treatments and the heightened vulnerability of individuals with weakened immune systems make them more susceptible to infection, with severe cases potentially leading to complications or death. This situation becomes particularly concerning during peak seasons, such as influenza outbreaks. Therefore, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment are critical, alongside the prevention of cross-infection, ensuring patient safety, and controlling healthcare costs. To address these challenges, this review aims to identify a comprehensive, rapid, safe, and cost-effective diagnostic approach for respiratory infectious diseases. This approach is framed within the existing hierarchical healthcare system, focusing on establishing diagnostic capabilities at hospitals, community, and home levels to effectively tackle the above issues. In addition to PCR and isothermal amplification, the review also explores emerging molecular diagnostic strategies that may better address the evolving needs of respiratory disease diagnostics. A key focus is the transition from amplification technologies to amplification-free biosensing approaches, with particular attention given to their potential for home-based testing. This shift seeks to overcome the limitations of conventional amplification methods, particularly in decentralized and home diagnostics, offering a promising solution to enhance diagnostic speed and safety during outbreaks. In the future, with the integration of AI technologies into molecular amplification technologies, biosensors, and various application levels, the inclusively economic, rapid, and safe respiratory disease diagnosis solutions will be further optimized, and their accessibility will become more widespread. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7626a4dbafc44ee9b9b70b7d227a6e5c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj-art-7626a4dbafc44ee9b9b70b7d227a6e5c2025-08-20T03:13:48ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-04-0116447210.3390/mi16040472Seeking Solutions for Inclusively Economic, Rapid, and Safe Molecular Detection of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: Comprehensive Review from Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques to Amplification-Free BiosensingYaping Xie0Zisheng Zong1Qin Jiang2Xingxing Ke3Zhigang Wu4State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaFrequent outbreaks of respiratory infectious diseases, driven by diverse pathogens, have long posed significant threats to public health, economic productivity, and societal stability. Respiratory infectious diseases are highly contagious, characterized by short incubation periods, diverse symptoms, multiple transmission routes, susceptibility to mutations, and distinct seasonality, contributing to their propensity for outbreaks. The absence of effective antiviral treatments and the heightened vulnerability of individuals with weakened immune systems make them more susceptible to infection, with severe cases potentially leading to complications or death. This situation becomes particularly concerning during peak seasons, such as influenza outbreaks. Therefore, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment are critical, alongside the prevention of cross-infection, ensuring patient safety, and controlling healthcare costs. To address these challenges, this review aims to identify a comprehensive, rapid, safe, and cost-effective diagnostic approach for respiratory infectious diseases. This approach is framed within the existing hierarchical healthcare system, focusing on establishing diagnostic capabilities at hospitals, community, and home levels to effectively tackle the above issues. In addition to PCR and isothermal amplification, the review also explores emerging molecular diagnostic strategies that may better address the evolving needs of respiratory disease diagnostics. A key focus is the transition from amplification technologies to amplification-free biosensing approaches, with particular attention given to their potential for home-based testing. This shift seeks to overcome the limitations of conventional amplification methods, particularly in decentralized and home diagnostics, offering a promising solution to enhance diagnostic speed and safety during outbreaks. In the future, with the integration of AI technologies into molecular amplification technologies, biosensors, and various application levels, the inclusively economic, rapid, and safe respiratory disease diagnosis solutions will be further optimized, and their accessibility will become more widespread.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/4/472molecular detection of respiratory infectious diseasespolymerase chain reactionisothermal amplificationamplification-free biosensingfull scene solutiontiered diagnosis |
| spellingShingle | Yaping Xie Zisheng Zong Qin Jiang Xingxing Ke Zhigang Wu Seeking Solutions for Inclusively Economic, Rapid, and Safe Molecular Detection of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: Comprehensive Review from Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques to Amplification-Free Biosensing Micromachines molecular detection of respiratory infectious diseases polymerase chain reaction isothermal amplification amplification-free biosensing full scene solution tiered diagnosis |
| title | Seeking Solutions for Inclusively Economic, Rapid, and Safe Molecular Detection of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: Comprehensive Review from Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques to Amplification-Free Biosensing |
| title_full | Seeking Solutions for Inclusively Economic, Rapid, and Safe Molecular Detection of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: Comprehensive Review from Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques to Amplification-Free Biosensing |
| title_fullStr | Seeking Solutions for Inclusively Economic, Rapid, and Safe Molecular Detection of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: Comprehensive Review from Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques to Amplification-Free Biosensing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seeking Solutions for Inclusively Economic, Rapid, and Safe Molecular Detection of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: Comprehensive Review from Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques to Amplification-Free Biosensing |
| title_short | Seeking Solutions for Inclusively Economic, Rapid, and Safe Molecular Detection of Respiratory Infectious Diseases: Comprehensive Review from Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques to Amplification-Free Biosensing |
| title_sort | seeking solutions for inclusively economic rapid and safe molecular detection of respiratory infectious diseases comprehensive review from polymerase chain reaction techniques to amplification free biosensing |
| topic | molecular detection of respiratory infectious diseases polymerase chain reaction isothermal amplification amplification-free biosensing full scene solution tiered diagnosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/4/472 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yapingxie seekingsolutionsforinclusivelyeconomicrapidandsafemoleculardetectionofrespiratoryinfectiousdiseasescomprehensivereviewfrompolymerasechainreactiontechniquestoamplificationfreebiosensing AT zishengzong seekingsolutionsforinclusivelyeconomicrapidandsafemoleculardetectionofrespiratoryinfectiousdiseasescomprehensivereviewfrompolymerasechainreactiontechniquestoamplificationfreebiosensing AT qinjiang seekingsolutionsforinclusivelyeconomicrapidandsafemoleculardetectionofrespiratoryinfectiousdiseasescomprehensivereviewfrompolymerasechainreactiontechniquestoamplificationfreebiosensing AT xingxingke seekingsolutionsforinclusivelyeconomicrapidandsafemoleculardetectionofrespiratoryinfectiousdiseasescomprehensivereviewfrompolymerasechainreactiontechniquestoamplificationfreebiosensing AT zhigangwu seekingsolutionsforinclusivelyeconomicrapidandsafemoleculardetectionofrespiratoryinfectiousdiseasescomprehensivereviewfrompolymerasechainreactiontechniquestoamplificationfreebiosensing |