Computational cognitive mechanisms of visual working memory in major depressive disorder and sex differences

Abstract This study examined the computational cognitive mechanisms of visual working memory (VWM) in MDD, focusing on memory precision while exploring potential sex differences. 159 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients and 67 healthy controls (HC) completed the color delay estimation task to me...

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Main Authors: Qingzu Kong, Qian Liu, Feng Gao, Xiang Wang, Zhiyan Wang, Chuman Xiao, Xinyue Zhang, Qianmei Yu, Jie Fan, Xiongzhao Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Psychology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02662-8
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author Qingzu Kong
Qian Liu
Feng Gao
Xiang Wang
Zhiyan Wang
Chuman Xiao
Xinyue Zhang
Qianmei Yu
Jie Fan
Xiongzhao Zhu
author_facet Qingzu Kong
Qian Liu
Feng Gao
Xiang Wang
Zhiyan Wang
Chuman Xiao
Xinyue Zhang
Qianmei Yu
Jie Fan
Xiongzhao Zhu
author_sort Qingzu Kong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study examined the computational cognitive mechanisms of visual working memory (VWM) in MDD, focusing on memory precision while exploring potential sex differences. 159 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients and 67 healthy controls (HC) completed the color delay estimation task to measure their VWM. The mainstream models of VWM were compared, and the variable-precision (VP) model was the best fit for our data. The Bayesian ANCOVA was used to compare the differences between groups (MDD & HC) and sexes (male & female). Results revealed that MDD had worse memory precision than HC (BF 10 = 103.872, decisive evidence for H1). Specifically, they had larger resource allocation variability (BF 10 = 19.421, strong evidence for H1), indicating that they distributed memory resources more unevenly across different items than HC. In addition, females had better memory precision than males (BF 10 = 10.548, strong evidence for H1). More specifically, they had more initial resources during the color delay estimation task (BF 10 = 6.003, substantial evidence for H1) than males. These findings highlight the critical role of diminished precision, specifically, larger resource allocation variability, in impaired VWM in MDD. Meanwhile, these findings highlight sex differences in memory precision and initial resources of VWM.
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spelling doaj-art-76225ae0d2c144a48676e35a0d989ae52025-08-20T03:08:12ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-04-0113111110.1186/s40359-025-02662-8Computational cognitive mechanisms of visual working memory in major depressive disorder and sex differencesQingzu Kong0Qian Liu1Feng Gao2Xiang Wang3Zhiyan Wang4Chuman Xiao5Xinyue Zhang6Qianmei Yu7Jie Fan8Xiongzhao Zhu9Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityMedical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityMedical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityMedical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityMedical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityMedical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityMedical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityMedical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityMedical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityMedical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityAbstract This study examined the computational cognitive mechanisms of visual working memory (VWM) in MDD, focusing on memory precision while exploring potential sex differences. 159 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients and 67 healthy controls (HC) completed the color delay estimation task to measure their VWM. The mainstream models of VWM were compared, and the variable-precision (VP) model was the best fit for our data. The Bayesian ANCOVA was used to compare the differences between groups (MDD & HC) and sexes (male & female). Results revealed that MDD had worse memory precision than HC (BF 10 = 103.872, decisive evidence for H1). Specifically, they had larger resource allocation variability (BF 10 = 19.421, strong evidence for H1), indicating that they distributed memory resources more unevenly across different items than HC. In addition, females had better memory precision than males (BF 10 = 10.548, strong evidence for H1). More specifically, they had more initial resources during the color delay estimation task (BF 10 = 6.003, substantial evidence for H1) than males. These findings highlight the critical role of diminished precision, specifically, larger resource allocation variability, in impaired VWM in MDD. Meanwhile, these findings highlight sex differences in memory precision and initial resources of VWM.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02662-8Visual working memoryMDDCognitive mechanismComputational modelingSex differences
spellingShingle Qingzu Kong
Qian Liu
Feng Gao
Xiang Wang
Zhiyan Wang
Chuman Xiao
Xinyue Zhang
Qianmei Yu
Jie Fan
Xiongzhao Zhu
Computational cognitive mechanisms of visual working memory in major depressive disorder and sex differences
BMC Psychology
Visual working memory
MDD
Cognitive mechanism
Computational modeling
Sex differences
title Computational cognitive mechanisms of visual working memory in major depressive disorder and sex differences
title_full Computational cognitive mechanisms of visual working memory in major depressive disorder and sex differences
title_fullStr Computational cognitive mechanisms of visual working memory in major depressive disorder and sex differences
title_full_unstemmed Computational cognitive mechanisms of visual working memory in major depressive disorder and sex differences
title_short Computational cognitive mechanisms of visual working memory in major depressive disorder and sex differences
title_sort computational cognitive mechanisms of visual working memory in major depressive disorder and sex differences
topic Visual working memory
MDD
Cognitive mechanism
Computational modeling
Sex differences
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02662-8
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