Urban Phytoremediation: A Nature-Based Solution for Environmental Reclamation and Sustainability

Starting from the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century to date, urban areas have faced increasing environmental challenges due to the diffusion of harmful substances, resulting from vehicular traffic, the activities of different industries, waste, and building construction, etc. These pollutant...

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Main Authors: Luca Di Stasio, Annamaria Gentile, Dario Nicola Tangredi, Paolo Piccolo, Gianmaria Oliva, Giovanni Vigliotta, Angela Cicatelli, Francesco Guarino, Werther Guidi Nissim, Massimo Labra, Stefano Castiglione
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/2057
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author Luca Di Stasio
Annamaria Gentile
Dario Nicola Tangredi
Paolo Piccolo
Gianmaria Oliva
Giovanni Vigliotta
Angela Cicatelli
Francesco Guarino
Werther Guidi Nissim
Massimo Labra
Stefano Castiglione
author_facet Luca Di Stasio
Annamaria Gentile
Dario Nicola Tangredi
Paolo Piccolo
Gianmaria Oliva
Giovanni Vigliotta
Angela Cicatelli
Francesco Guarino
Werther Guidi Nissim
Massimo Labra
Stefano Castiglione
author_sort Luca Di Stasio
collection DOAJ
description Starting from the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century to date, urban areas have faced increasing environmental challenges due to the diffusion of harmful substances, resulting from vehicular traffic, the activities of different industries, waste, and building construction, etc. These pollutants are dangerous, since they pose a threat to both the environment and human health. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly and low-cost technique that uses plants and their associated microorganisms to clean-up contaminated sites. In this review, we explore its main applications in urban settings. Specifically, we investigate how phytoremediation works, highlighting the most effective plants for its success in a city context. Moreover, we also describe the main factors influencing its effectiveness, such as soil, climate, and pollutants. In this regard, several case studies, conducted worldwide, have reported on how phytoremediation can successfully reclaim contaminated areas, transforming them into reusable city green spaces, with reduced costs compared to traditional remediation techniques (e.g., soil replacement, soil washing, etc.). Moreover, by integrating it into urban planning, cities can address environmental pollution, while promoting biodiversity, enhancing the landscape, and increasing its social acceptance. This nature-based solution offers a practical path toward more sustainable and resilient urban environments, especially in regard to the climate change framework.
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spelling doaj-art-7612861a9ace42c7a26d7e564e5f862d2025-08-20T02:36:23ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-07-011413205710.3390/plants14132057Urban Phytoremediation: A Nature-Based Solution for Environmental Reclamation and SustainabilityLuca Di Stasio0Annamaria Gentile1Dario Nicola Tangredi2Paolo Piccolo3Gianmaria Oliva4Giovanni Vigliotta5Angela Cicatelli6Francesco Guarino7Werther Guidi Nissim8Massimo Labra9Stefano Castiglione10Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyNBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, PA, ItalyNBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, PA, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, ItalyStarting from the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century to date, urban areas have faced increasing environmental challenges due to the diffusion of harmful substances, resulting from vehicular traffic, the activities of different industries, waste, and building construction, etc. These pollutants are dangerous, since they pose a threat to both the environment and human health. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly and low-cost technique that uses plants and their associated microorganisms to clean-up contaminated sites. In this review, we explore its main applications in urban settings. Specifically, we investigate how phytoremediation works, highlighting the most effective plants for its success in a city context. Moreover, we also describe the main factors influencing its effectiveness, such as soil, climate, and pollutants. In this regard, several case studies, conducted worldwide, have reported on how phytoremediation can successfully reclaim contaminated areas, transforming them into reusable city green spaces, with reduced costs compared to traditional remediation techniques (e.g., soil replacement, soil washing, etc.). Moreover, by integrating it into urban planning, cities can address environmental pollution, while promoting biodiversity, enhancing the landscape, and increasing its social acceptance. This nature-based solution offers a practical path toward more sustainable and resilient urban environments, especially in regard to the climate change framework.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/2057urban brownfieldsemerging pollutantsorganics and inorganicsurban sustainabilityphytotechnologies
spellingShingle Luca Di Stasio
Annamaria Gentile
Dario Nicola Tangredi
Paolo Piccolo
Gianmaria Oliva
Giovanni Vigliotta
Angela Cicatelli
Francesco Guarino
Werther Guidi Nissim
Massimo Labra
Stefano Castiglione
Urban Phytoremediation: A Nature-Based Solution for Environmental Reclamation and Sustainability
Plants
urban brownfields
emerging pollutants
organics and inorganics
urban sustainability
phytotechnologies
title Urban Phytoremediation: A Nature-Based Solution for Environmental Reclamation and Sustainability
title_full Urban Phytoremediation: A Nature-Based Solution for Environmental Reclamation and Sustainability
title_fullStr Urban Phytoremediation: A Nature-Based Solution for Environmental Reclamation and Sustainability
title_full_unstemmed Urban Phytoremediation: A Nature-Based Solution for Environmental Reclamation and Sustainability
title_short Urban Phytoremediation: A Nature-Based Solution for Environmental Reclamation and Sustainability
title_sort urban phytoremediation a nature based solution for environmental reclamation and sustainability
topic urban brownfields
emerging pollutants
organics and inorganics
urban sustainability
phytotechnologies
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/2057
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