Orbital apex syndrome associated with cranial nerve V neuritis complicating bacterial maxillary sinusitis

Maxillary sinusitis is a common pathology of the paranasal sinuses, most frequently caused by bacterial infections. Although typically benign, it can occasionally lead to severe complications when the infectious process extends beyond the sinus cavity. One such rare but serious complication is orbit...

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Main Authors: Houssam Rajad, Soufiane Bigi, Said Adnor, Zakaria Chahbi, Abderrahmane Ibenyahia, Mounir Salek, Mohamed Amine Baba, Ahmed Kharbach, Abderrahmane Achbani, Hajar El Agouri, Majdouline Obtel, Soukaina Wakrim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Radiology Case Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1930043325004078
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author Houssam Rajad
Soufiane Bigi
Said Adnor
Zakaria Chahbi
Abderrahmane Ibenyahia
Mounir Salek
Mohamed Amine Baba
Ahmed Kharbach
Abderrahmane Achbani
Hajar El Agouri
Majdouline Obtel
Soukaina Wakrim
author_facet Houssam Rajad
Soufiane Bigi
Said Adnor
Zakaria Chahbi
Abderrahmane Ibenyahia
Mounir Salek
Mohamed Amine Baba
Ahmed Kharbach
Abderrahmane Achbani
Hajar El Agouri
Majdouline Obtel
Soukaina Wakrim
author_sort Houssam Rajad
collection DOAJ
description Maxillary sinusitis is a common pathology of the paranasal sinuses, most frequently caused by bacterial infections. Although typically benign, it can occasionally lead to severe complications when the infectious process extends beyond the sinus cavity. One such rare but serious complication is orbital apex syndrome (OAS), also known as Jacod syndrome, characterized by dysfunction of multiple cranial nerves at the orbital apex.OAS may result from various etiologies, including infectious, traumatic, and neoplastic causes. Among infectious origins, bacterial maxillary sinusitis is an uncommon yet clinically significant contributor. Involvement of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), manifesting as neuritis, adds further complexity to the clinical presentation.Accurate diagnosis and timely management of OAS rely heavily on advanced radiological imaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI plays a pivotal role in confirming the diagnosis, excluding differential diagnoses, and delineating the extent of sinus infection, orbital inflammation, and perineural involvement, including neuritis of cranial nerve V. These imaging findings are essential for guiding appropriate therapeutic strategies.In this case report, we describe a rare instance of orbital apex syndrome associated with cranial nerve V neuritis complicating bacterial maxillary sinusitis. The objective is to underscore the crucial role of MRI in both diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making, and to illustrate the characteristic radiological features observed in such cases.
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spelling doaj-art-75fa20800e814007addbca37c15309022025-08-20T03:10:28ZengElsevierRadiology Case Reports1930-04332025-08-012083859386410.1016/j.radcr.2025.04.111Orbital apex syndrome associated with cranial nerve V neuritis complicating bacterial maxillary sinusitisHoussam Rajad0Soufiane Bigi1Said Adnor2Zakaria Chahbi3Abderrahmane Ibenyahia4Mounir Salek5Mohamed Amine Baba6Ahmed Kharbach7Abderrahmane Achbani8Hajar El Agouri9Majdouline Obtel10Soukaina Wakrim11Radiology Department, University Hospital of Souss Massa, Agadir, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco; Corresponding author.Radiology Department, University Hospital of Souss Massa, Agadir, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, MoroccoRadiology Department, University Hospital of Souss Massa, Agadir, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, MoroccoRadiology Department, University Hospital of Souss Massa, Agadir, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, MoroccoRadiology Department, University Hospital of Souss Massa, Agadir, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, MoroccoRadiology Department, University Hospital of Souss Massa, Agadir, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, MoroccoFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco; ISPITS AGADIR, High Institute of Nursing Professions and Technical Health, Agadir, MoroccoISPITS AGADIR, High Institute of Nursing Professions and Technical Health, Agadir, Morocco; Laboratory of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, MoroccoLaboratory of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco; ISPITS Marrakech, High Institute of Nursing Professions and Technical Health, Marrakech, MoroccoFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco; Pathology Department, Oued Eddahab Military Hospital, Agadir, MoroccoLaboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, MoroccoRadiology Department, University Hospital of Souss Massa, Agadir, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, MoroccoMaxillary sinusitis is a common pathology of the paranasal sinuses, most frequently caused by bacterial infections. Although typically benign, it can occasionally lead to severe complications when the infectious process extends beyond the sinus cavity. One such rare but serious complication is orbital apex syndrome (OAS), also known as Jacod syndrome, characterized by dysfunction of multiple cranial nerves at the orbital apex.OAS may result from various etiologies, including infectious, traumatic, and neoplastic causes. Among infectious origins, bacterial maxillary sinusitis is an uncommon yet clinically significant contributor. Involvement of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), manifesting as neuritis, adds further complexity to the clinical presentation.Accurate diagnosis and timely management of OAS rely heavily on advanced radiological imaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI plays a pivotal role in confirming the diagnosis, excluding differential diagnoses, and delineating the extent of sinus infection, orbital inflammation, and perineural involvement, including neuritis of cranial nerve V. These imaging findings are essential for guiding appropriate therapeutic strategies.In this case report, we describe a rare instance of orbital apex syndrome associated with cranial nerve V neuritis complicating bacterial maxillary sinusitis. The objective is to underscore the crucial role of MRI in both diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making, and to illustrate the characteristic radiological features observed in such cases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1930043325004078Bacterial maxillary sinusitisCranio orbital MRICranial nerve V neuritisJacod syndromeOrbital apex syndrome
spellingShingle Houssam Rajad
Soufiane Bigi
Said Adnor
Zakaria Chahbi
Abderrahmane Ibenyahia
Mounir Salek
Mohamed Amine Baba
Ahmed Kharbach
Abderrahmane Achbani
Hajar El Agouri
Majdouline Obtel
Soukaina Wakrim
Orbital apex syndrome associated with cranial nerve V neuritis complicating bacterial maxillary sinusitis
Radiology Case Reports
Bacterial maxillary sinusitis
Cranio orbital MRI
Cranial nerve V neuritis
Jacod syndrome
Orbital apex syndrome
title Orbital apex syndrome associated with cranial nerve V neuritis complicating bacterial maxillary sinusitis
title_full Orbital apex syndrome associated with cranial nerve V neuritis complicating bacterial maxillary sinusitis
title_fullStr Orbital apex syndrome associated with cranial nerve V neuritis complicating bacterial maxillary sinusitis
title_full_unstemmed Orbital apex syndrome associated with cranial nerve V neuritis complicating bacterial maxillary sinusitis
title_short Orbital apex syndrome associated with cranial nerve V neuritis complicating bacterial maxillary sinusitis
title_sort orbital apex syndrome associated with cranial nerve v neuritis complicating bacterial maxillary sinusitis
topic Bacterial maxillary sinusitis
Cranio orbital MRI
Cranial nerve V neuritis
Jacod syndrome
Orbital apex syndrome
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1930043325004078
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