Sex-specific differences of advanced glycation end products in diabetes

Abstract Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed through non-enzymatic glycation reactions and accumulate in tissues, particularly under pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus. These compounds are linked to the progression of diabetic complications, including nephropathy, retino...

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Main Authors: Michael Hellwig, Julia Decker, Leticia Prates Roma, Stefan Schunk, Emmanuel Ampofo, Sandra Rother
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-06-01
Series:Nutrition & Diabetes
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-025-00379-6
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author Michael Hellwig
Julia Decker
Leticia Prates Roma
Stefan Schunk
Emmanuel Ampofo
Sandra Rother
author_facet Michael Hellwig
Julia Decker
Leticia Prates Roma
Stefan Schunk
Emmanuel Ampofo
Sandra Rother
author_sort Michael Hellwig
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed through non-enzymatic glycation reactions and accumulate in tissues, particularly under pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus. These compounds are linked to the progression of diabetic complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease, through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests significant sex-specific differences in AGE formation, accumulation, and their biological effects, influenced by hormonal variations, dietary patterns, and metabolic differences. While the underlying biochemistry of AGE formation, such as the Maillard reaction and dicarbonyl compound activity, is well-characterized, the implications of these processes for clinical outcomes remain underexplored. This mini-review highlights the interplay between molecular mechanisms and sex-specific factors in AGE-related pathophysiology. It further discusses potential therapeutic approaches targeting AGE formation and receptor-mediated pathways, emphasizing the importance of integrating sex-specific considerations into diabetes management. Bridging molecular insights with clinical practice could advance personalized treatment strategies for diabetic complications.
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spelling doaj-art-75effd5f141644faa104f67154a2beef2025-08-20T02:06:36ZengNature Publishing GroupNutrition & Diabetes2044-40522025-06-011511810.1038/s41387-025-00379-6Sex-specific differences of advanced glycation end products in diabetesMichael Hellwig0Julia Decker1Leticia Prates Roma2Stefan Schunk3Emmanuel Ampofo4Sandra Rother5Professur für Spezielle Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität DresdenInstitute of Biophysics, Center of Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland UniversityInstitute of Biophysics, Center of Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland UniversityCenter for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), Saarland UniversityCenter for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), Saarland UniversityInstitute of Biophysics, Center of Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland UniversityAbstract Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed through non-enzymatic glycation reactions and accumulate in tissues, particularly under pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus. These compounds are linked to the progression of diabetic complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease, through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests significant sex-specific differences in AGE formation, accumulation, and their biological effects, influenced by hormonal variations, dietary patterns, and metabolic differences. While the underlying biochemistry of AGE formation, such as the Maillard reaction and dicarbonyl compound activity, is well-characterized, the implications of these processes for clinical outcomes remain underexplored. This mini-review highlights the interplay between molecular mechanisms and sex-specific factors in AGE-related pathophysiology. It further discusses potential therapeutic approaches targeting AGE formation and receptor-mediated pathways, emphasizing the importance of integrating sex-specific considerations into diabetes management. Bridging molecular insights with clinical practice could advance personalized treatment strategies for diabetic complications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-025-00379-6
spellingShingle Michael Hellwig
Julia Decker
Leticia Prates Roma
Stefan Schunk
Emmanuel Ampofo
Sandra Rother
Sex-specific differences of advanced glycation end products in diabetes
Nutrition & Diabetes
title Sex-specific differences of advanced glycation end products in diabetes
title_full Sex-specific differences of advanced glycation end products in diabetes
title_fullStr Sex-specific differences of advanced glycation end products in diabetes
title_full_unstemmed Sex-specific differences of advanced glycation end products in diabetes
title_short Sex-specific differences of advanced glycation end products in diabetes
title_sort sex specific differences of advanced glycation end products in diabetes
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-025-00379-6
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