Enhancing programming education: The impact of AI-based pedagogical agents on student self-efficacy, engagement, and learning outcomes

In recent years, learning programming has been a challenge for both learners and educators. How to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes has been a significant concern for researchers. This study examines the effects of AI-based pedagogical agents on students’ learning experiences in prog...

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Main Author: Hao-Chiang Koong Lin, Chun-Hsiung Tseng, Nian-Shing Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: International Forum of Educational Technology & Society 2025-04-01
Series:Educational Technology & Society
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.j-ets.net/collection/published-issues/28_2#h.donszfeitka1
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author Hao-Chiang Koong Lin, Chun-Hsiung Tseng, Nian-Shing Chen
author_facet Hao-Chiang Koong Lin, Chun-Hsiung Tseng, Nian-Shing Chen
author_sort Hao-Chiang Koong Lin, Chun-Hsiung Tseng, Nian-Shing Chen
collection DOAJ
description In recent years, learning programming has been a challenge for both learners and educators. How to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes has been a significant concern for researchers. This study examines the effects of AI-based pedagogical agents on students’ learning experiences in programming courses, focusing on web game development using JavaScript and Phaser. We developed two pedagogical agents: a debugger that provides context-sensitive assistance and a chatbot that offers guidance based on pre-configured Phaser knowledge. The experiment involved 60 sophomore students from a university in southern Taiwan, and they were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The study measured changes in students’ self-efficacy (creative, persuasive, and change dimensions), JavaScript proficiency, debugging efficiency, and overall engagement. Results show significant improvements in all self-efficacy dimensions and JavaScript proficiency for the experimental group. Debugging log analysis showed that students who used the pedagogical agents were able to fix bugs more quickly and more effectively. Qualitative analysis of student reflections indicated more positive learning experiences and deeper engagement with learning content in the experimental group. These findings suggest that integrating AI-based pedagogical agents can enhance students’ learning experiences in programming courses.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher International Forum of Educational Technology & Society
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spelling doaj-art-75ee0360e21c44e6a3c0657ee1ae6d412025-08-20T02:12:50ZengInternational Forum of Educational Technology & SocietyEducational Technology & Society1176-36471436-45222025-04-01282279294https://doi.org/10.30191/ETS.202504_28(2).TP02Enhancing programming education: The impact of AI-based pedagogical agents on student self-efficacy, engagement, and learning outcomesHao-Chiang Koong Lin, Chun-Hsiung Tseng, Nian-Shing ChenIn recent years, learning programming has been a challenge for both learners and educators. How to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes has been a significant concern for researchers. This study examines the effects of AI-based pedagogical agents on students’ learning experiences in programming courses, focusing on web game development using JavaScript and Phaser. We developed two pedagogical agents: a debugger that provides context-sensitive assistance and a chatbot that offers guidance based on pre-configured Phaser knowledge. The experiment involved 60 sophomore students from a university in southern Taiwan, and they were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The study measured changes in students’ self-efficacy (creative, persuasive, and change dimensions), JavaScript proficiency, debugging efficiency, and overall engagement. Results show significant improvements in all self-efficacy dimensions and JavaScript proficiency for the experimental group. Debugging log analysis showed that students who used the pedagogical agents were able to fix bugs more quickly and more effectively. Qualitative analysis of student reflections indicated more positive learning experiences and deeper engagement with learning content in the experimental group. These findings suggest that integrating AI-based pedagogical agents can enhance students’ learning experiences in programming courses.https://www.j-ets.net/collection/published-issues/28_2#h.donszfeitka1pedagogical agentlearning experienceself-efficacyprogramming educationartificial intelligence
spellingShingle Hao-Chiang Koong Lin, Chun-Hsiung Tseng, Nian-Shing Chen
Enhancing programming education: The impact of AI-based pedagogical agents on student self-efficacy, engagement, and learning outcomes
Educational Technology & Society
pedagogical agent
learning experience
self-efficacy
programming education
artificial intelligence
title Enhancing programming education: The impact of AI-based pedagogical agents on student self-efficacy, engagement, and learning outcomes
title_full Enhancing programming education: The impact of AI-based pedagogical agents on student self-efficacy, engagement, and learning outcomes
title_fullStr Enhancing programming education: The impact of AI-based pedagogical agents on student self-efficacy, engagement, and learning outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing programming education: The impact of AI-based pedagogical agents on student self-efficacy, engagement, and learning outcomes
title_short Enhancing programming education: The impact of AI-based pedagogical agents on student self-efficacy, engagement, and learning outcomes
title_sort enhancing programming education the impact of ai based pedagogical agents on student self efficacy engagement and learning outcomes
topic pedagogical agent
learning experience
self-efficacy
programming education
artificial intelligence
url https://www.j-ets.net/collection/published-issues/28_2#h.donszfeitka1
work_keys_str_mv AT haochiangkoonglinchunhsiungtsengnianshingchen enhancingprogrammingeducationtheimpactofaibasedpedagogicalagentsonstudentselfefficacyengagementandlearningoutcomes