Influence of Building-Height Variability on Urban Ventilation and Pollutant Dispersion Characteristics

Urban densification associated with rapid urbanization has weakened horizontal ventilation in cities. Previous studies point out that building-height variability can enhance vertical ventilation, while most of them rely on idealized models that overlook the complexity of real urban environments. Thi...

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Main Authors: Taotao Shui, Lili Cao, Tieqiao Xiao, Shaojie Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Atmosphere
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/614
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author Taotao Shui
Lili Cao
Tieqiao Xiao
Shaojie Zhang
author_facet Taotao Shui
Lili Cao
Tieqiao Xiao
Shaojie Zhang
author_sort Taotao Shui
collection DOAJ
description Urban densification associated with rapid urbanization has weakened horizontal ventilation in cities. Previous studies point out that building-height variability can enhance vertical ventilation, while most of them rely on idealized models that overlook the complexity of real urban environments. This study analyzes 20 actual urban blocks using CFD simulations, considering average building height, building density, and height standard deviation. The results show that areas with low-rise, uniform buildings exhibit superior pollutant dispersion, while mid- and high-rise zones experience complex turbulence and pollutant accumulation. Ventilation performance peaks when the height standard deviation ranges between 35 and 40. These findings underscore that optimizing urban form for vertical ventilation requires a combined strategy of density control and height variation. Realistic building group models more accurately capture airflow dynamics and provide valuable insights for the design of effective vertical ventilation corridors and the enhancement of urban pollutant dispersion.
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issn 2073-4433
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Atmosphere
spelling doaj-art-75d4b698a02a4a31be5cb03e7af91a872025-08-20T03:14:35ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-05-0116561410.3390/atmos16050614Influence of Building-Height Variability on Urban Ventilation and Pollutant Dispersion CharacteristicsTaotao Shui0Lili Cao1Tieqiao Xiao2Shaojie Zhang3School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, ChinaSchool of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, ChinaSchool of Architecture and Planning, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, ChinaSchool of Architecture and Planning, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, ChinaUrban densification associated with rapid urbanization has weakened horizontal ventilation in cities. Previous studies point out that building-height variability can enhance vertical ventilation, while most of them rely on idealized models that overlook the complexity of real urban environments. This study analyzes 20 actual urban blocks using CFD simulations, considering average building height, building density, and height standard deviation. The results show that areas with low-rise, uniform buildings exhibit superior pollutant dispersion, while mid- and high-rise zones experience complex turbulence and pollutant accumulation. Ventilation performance peaks when the height standard deviation ranges between 35 and 40. These findings underscore that optimizing urban form for vertical ventilation requires a combined strategy of density control and height variation. Realistic building group models more accurately capture airflow dynamics and provide valuable insights for the design of effective vertical ventilation corridors and the enhancement of urban pollutant dispersion.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/614height-asymmetric building clustersurban ventilationpollutant diffusionCFDporous media
spellingShingle Taotao Shui
Lili Cao
Tieqiao Xiao
Shaojie Zhang
Influence of Building-Height Variability on Urban Ventilation and Pollutant Dispersion Characteristics
Atmosphere
height-asymmetric building clusters
urban ventilation
pollutant diffusion
CFD
porous media
title Influence of Building-Height Variability on Urban Ventilation and Pollutant Dispersion Characteristics
title_full Influence of Building-Height Variability on Urban Ventilation and Pollutant Dispersion Characteristics
title_fullStr Influence of Building-Height Variability on Urban Ventilation and Pollutant Dispersion Characteristics
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Building-Height Variability on Urban Ventilation and Pollutant Dispersion Characteristics
title_short Influence of Building-Height Variability on Urban Ventilation and Pollutant Dispersion Characteristics
title_sort influence of building height variability on urban ventilation and pollutant dispersion characteristics
topic height-asymmetric building clusters
urban ventilation
pollutant diffusion
CFD
porous media
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/614
work_keys_str_mv AT taotaoshui influenceofbuildingheightvariabilityonurbanventilationandpollutantdispersioncharacteristics
AT lilicao influenceofbuildingheightvariabilityonurbanventilationandpollutantdispersioncharacteristics
AT tieqiaoxiao influenceofbuildingheightvariabilityonurbanventilationandpollutantdispersioncharacteristics
AT shaojiezhang influenceofbuildingheightvariabilityonurbanventilationandpollutantdispersioncharacteristics