Effect of combined antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation therapy in the management of recurrent herpes labialis: a randomized controlled trial
Abstract This study aimed to study the effect of combined antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the management of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL). Sixty participants were randomly assigned into three groups. Group 1 (control): 5% Acyclovir was applied as...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01331-5 |
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| author | Mai Adnan Gaizeh Al-Hallak Mawia Karkoutly Jamileh Ali Hsaian Abeer Ahmad Aljoujou |
| author_facet | Mai Adnan Gaizeh Al-Hallak Mawia Karkoutly Jamileh Ali Hsaian Abeer Ahmad Aljoujou |
| author_sort | Mai Adnan Gaizeh Al-Hallak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study aimed to study the effect of combined antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the management of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL). Sixty participants were randomly assigned into three groups. Group 1 (control): 5% Acyclovir was applied as a topical cream, and a non-activating laser was applied. Group 2 (PBMT): PBMT was applied using a low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and a placebo cream. Group 3 (aPDT + PBMT): aPDT using 0.1% methylene blue with PBMT and a placebo cream. A laser diode emitting light at a wavelength of 650 nm and a power output of 100 mW was applied to each spot for 120 s. The parameters of aPDT were a wavelength of 650 nm, with power and energy density parameters set at 100 mW/ 0.1 W and 24 J/cm², respectively. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). At the baseline (t0). After applying the laser (t1). After 48 h (t2). After utilizing the laser in the second session (t3). After 7 days (t4). The point of healing was the spontaneous shedding of the crust. The aPDT + PBMT group outperforms the control group in reducing pain intensity at t1 (p = 0.011), t2 (p = 0.041), and t3 (p = 0.005). In addition, the aPDT + PBMT group outperformed the PBMT group at t3 (p = 0.020). aPDT + PBMT outperforms control (p = 0.001) and PBMT (p = 0.090) groups in healing. The findings indicate that aPDT and PBMT offer a promising approach to treating RHL. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-75c648566d9749f5a4ddf596237c44102025-08-20T03:09:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-01331-5Effect of combined antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation therapy in the management of recurrent herpes labialis: a randomized controlled trialMai Adnan Gaizeh Al-Hallak0Mawia Karkoutly1Jamileh Ali Hsaian2Abeer Ahmad Aljoujou3Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus UniversityDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus UniversityDepartment of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus UniversityAbstract This study aimed to study the effect of combined antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the management of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL). Sixty participants were randomly assigned into three groups. Group 1 (control): 5% Acyclovir was applied as a topical cream, and a non-activating laser was applied. Group 2 (PBMT): PBMT was applied using a low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and a placebo cream. Group 3 (aPDT + PBMT): aPDT using 0.1% methylene blue with PBMT and a placebo cream. A laser diode emitting light at a wavelength of 650 nm and a power output of 100 mW was applied to each spot for 120 s. The parameters of aPDT were a wavelength of 650 nm, with power and energy density parameters set at 100 mW/ 0.1 W and 24 J/cm², respectively. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). At the baseline (t0). After applying the laser (t1). After 48 h (t2). After utilizing the laser in the second session (t3). After 7 days (t4). The point of healing was the spontaneous shedding of the crust. The aPDT + PBMT group outperforms the control group in reducing pain intensity at t1 (p = 0.011), t2 (p = 0.041), and t3 (p = 0.005). In addition, the aPDT + PBMT group outperformed the PBMT group at t3 (p = 0.020). aPDT + PBMT outperforms control (p = 0.001) and PBMT (p = 0.090) groups in healing. The findings indicate that aPDT and PBMT offer a promising approach to treating RHL.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01331-5 |
| spellingShingle | Mai Adnan Gaizeh Al-Hallak Mawia Karkoutly Jamileh Ali Hsaian Abeer Ahmad Aljoujou Effect of combined antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation therapy in the management of recurrent herpes labialis: a randomized controlled trial Scientific Reports |
| title | Effect of combined antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation therapy in the management of recurrent herpes labialis: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | Effect of combined antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation therapy in the management of recurrent herpes labialis: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | Effect of combined antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation therapy in the management of recurrent herpes labialis: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of combined antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation therapy in the management of recurrent herpes labialis: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | Effect of combined antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation therapy in the management of recurrent herpes labialis: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | effect of combined antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation therapy in the management of recurrent herpes labialis a randomized controlled trial |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01331-5 |
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