A Reassessment of the Cranial Diversity of the West African Giraffe

The West African giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis peralta, the rarest giraffe subspecies, is one of the least studied taxa of the African megafauna in terms of anatomy, physiology, and taxonomy due to the limited material hosted in museum collections. Here, we discuss specific morphological features o...

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Main Authors: Nikolaos Kargopoulos, Jesús Marugán-Lobón, Anusuya Chinsamy, Michael Brown, Stephanie Fennessy, Sara Ferguson, Alice Petzold, Sven Winter, Abdoul Razack Moussa Zabeirou, Julian Fennessy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:International Journal of Zoology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijz/8816347
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author Nikolaos Kargopoulos
Jesús Marugán-Lobón
Anusuya Chinsamy
Michael Brown
Stephanie Fennessy
Sara Ferguson
Alice Petzold
Sven Winter
Abdoul Razack Moussa Zabeirou
Julian Fennessy
author_facet Nikolaos Kargopoulos
Jesús Marugán-Lobón
Anusuya Chinsamy
Michael Brown
Stephanie Fennessy
Sara Ferguson
Alice Petzold
Sven Winter
Abdoul Razack Moussa Zabeirou
Julian Fennessy
author_sort Nikolaos Kargopoulos
collection DOAJ
description The West African giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis peralta, the rarest giraffe subspecies, is one of the least studied taxa of the African megafauna in terms of anatomy, physiology, and taxonomy due to the limited material hosted in museum collections. Here, we discuss specific morphological features of the holotype of this subspecies, re-evaluate its diagnostic characteristics and expand our knowledge of the morphology of the taxon with the addition of specimens collected in the wild. Our results show that G. c. peralta is not a subspecies of ‘gigantic’ proportions, as indicated in previous studies. This misunderstanding arose from the misidentification of the holotype specimen (NHMUK-ZD-1898.2.19.1) as a female instead of a male. The only other G. c. peralta specimen, which is hosted in the same collections in the Natural History Museum of London (NHMUK-ZD-1904.11.2.2), is a male of morphology and size much closer to that of an average G. camelopardalis male. Our findings show that in comparison to other giraffe subspecies the dimensions of G. c. peralta are as metrically expected and reveal preliminary evidence of the strongest sexual size dimorphism in the genus Giraffa. We further suggest that the holotype should be relabeled as a male. The evolutionary history and the phylogenetic position of G. c. peralta are discussed, favoring the mixing-isolation-mixing pattern with the Kordofan giraffe (G. c. antiquorum).
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spelling doaj-art-75b1a052e34c4dfcbb8584b78a293fdc2025-08-20T03:09:09ZengWileyInternational Journal of Zoology1687-84852025-01-01202510.1155/ijz/8816347A Reassessment of the Cranial Diversity of the West African GiraffeNikolaos Kargopoulos0Jesús Marugán-Lobón1Anusuya Chinsamy2Michael Brown3Stephanie Fennessy4Sara Ferguson5Alice Petzold6Sven Winter7Abdoul Razack Moussa Zabeirou8Julian Fennessy9Department of Biological ScienceDepartment of Biological ScienceDepartment of Biological ScienceGiraffe Conservation FoundationGiraffe Conservation FoundationGiraffe Conservation FoundationFaculty of SciencesSenckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreGiraffe Conservation FoundationO’Brien Centre for ScienceThe West African giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis peralta, the rarest giraffe subspecies, is one of the least studied taxa of the African megafauna in terms of anatomy, physiology, and taxonomy due to the limited material hosted in museum collections. Here, we discuss specific morphological features of the holotype of this subspecies, re-evaluate its diagnostic characteristics and expand our knowledge of the morphology of the taxon with the addition of specimens collected in the wild. Our results show that G. c. peralta is not a subspecies of ‘gigantic’ proportions, as indicated in previous studies. This misunderstanding arose from the misidentification of the holotype specimen (NHMUK-ZD-1898.2.19.1) as a female instead of a male. The only other G. c. peralta specimen, which is hosted in the same collections in the Natural History Museum of London (NHMUK-ZD-1904.11.2.2), is a male of morphology and size much closer to that of an average G. camelopardalis male. Our findings show that in comparison to other giraffe subspecies the dimensions of G. c. peralta are as metrically expected and reveal preliminary evidence of the strongest sexual size dimorphism in the genus Giraffa. We further suggest that the holotype should be relabeled as a male. The evolutionary history and the phylogenetic position of G. c. peralta are discussed, favoring the mixing-isolation-mixing pattern with the Kordofan giraffe (G. c. antiquorum).http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijz/8816347
spellingShingle Nikolaos Kargopoulos
Jesús Marugán-Lobón
Anusuya Chinsamy
Michael Brown
Stephanie Fennessy
Sara Ferguson
Alice Petzold
Sven Winter
Abdoul Razack Moussa Zabeirou
Julian Fennessy
A Reassessment of the Cranial Diversity of the West African Giraffe
International Journal of Zoology
title A Reassessment of the Cranial Diversity of the West African Giraffe
title_full A Reassessment of the Cranial Diversity of the West African Giraffe
title_fullStr A Reassessment of the Cranial Diversity of the West African Giraffe
title_full_unstemmed A Reassessment of the Cranial Diversity of the West African Giraffe
title_short A Reassessment of the Cranial Diversity of the West African Giraffe
title_sort reassessment of the cranial diversity of the west african giraffe
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijz/8816347
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