Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis into the Comparison of Resistance Characteristics Between DARPA Suboff and Modified U209 Types of Submarines

Submarines are required to have good performance, which is influenced by their type of hull, hull conditions, and operational conditions. This study compares the resistance between a Modified-U209 (U209) submarine and the DARPA Suboff. The former is an older hull geometry with both surface and subme...

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Main Authors: Ahmad Nasirudin, Sutiyo, Ardi Nugroho Yulianto, Eko Julianto, I Ketut Aria Pria Utama, Martin Renilson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Sci
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2413-4155/7/2/82
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author Ahmad Nasirudin
Sutiyo
Ardi Nugroho Yulianto
Eko Julianto
I Ketut Aria Pria Utama
Martin Renilson
author_facet Ahmad Nasirudin
Sutiyo
Ardi Nugroho Yulianto
Eko Julianto
I Ketut Aria Pria Utama
Martin Renilson
author_sort Ahmad Nasirudin
collection DOAJ
description Submarines are required to have good performance, which is influenced by their type of hull, hull conditions, and operational conditions. This study compares the resistance between a Modified-U209 (U209) submarine and the DARPA Suboff. The former is an older hull geometry with both surface and submerged operation considered, whereas the latter represents a modern nuclear-powered submarine designed for submerged operations only. The two geometries were scaled to give the same usable volume, and all results were non-dimensionalized using this to ensure consistency. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method was utilized to predict resistance by employing the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. The results show that the total resistance coefficient for the U209 bare hull is approximately 6% higher than the Suboff bare hull. When a casing was added to the U209 geometry the increase in total resistance coefficient was approximately 8%. The addition of the sail resulted in an increase in total resistance coefficient ranging from approximately 4% (Suboff sail added to U209) to approximately 14% (U209 sail added to U209). An existing empirical prediction technique was used to predict the resistance, with the total resistance coefficient predicted being consistently about 5% lower than the values obtained using CFD.
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issn 2413-4155
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spelling doaj-art-75a79e70acaa48698e92f613145a82352025-08-20T02:21:50ZengMDPI AGSci2413-41552025-06-01728210.3390/sci7020082Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis into the Comparison of Resistance Characteristics Between DARPA Suboff and Modified U209 Types of SubmarinesAhmad Nasirudin0Sutiyo1Ardi Nugroho Yulianto2Eko Julianto3I Ketut Aria Pria Utama4Martin Renilson5Department of Naval Architecture, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, IndonesiaDepartment of Naval Architecture, Universitas Hang Tuah, Surabaya 60111, IndonesiaDepartment of Naval Architecture, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, IndonesiaPoliteknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya (PPNS), Surabaya 60111, IndonesiaDepartment of Naval Architecture, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, IndonesiaAustralian Maritime College (AMC), The University of Tasmania, Launceston 7248, AustraliaSubmarines are required to have good performance, which is influenced by their type of hull, hull conditions, and operational conditions. This study compares the resistance between a Modified-U209 (U209) submarine and the DARPA Suboff. The former is an older hull geometry with both surface and submerged operation considered, whereas the latter represents a modern nuclear-powered submarine designed for submerged operations only. The two geometries were scaled to give the same usable volume, and all results were non-dimensionalized using this to ensure consistency. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method was utilized to predict resistance by employing the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. The results show that the total resistance coefficient for the U209 bare hull is approximately 6% higher than the Suboff bare hull. When a casing was added to the U209 geometry the increase in total resistance coefficient was approximately 8%. The addition of the sail resulted in an increase in total resistance coefficient ranging from approximately 4% (Suboff sail added to U209) to approximately 14% (U209 sail added to U209). An existing empirical prediction technique was used to predict the resistance, with the total resistance coefficient predicted being consistently about 5% lower than the values obtained using CFD.https://www.mdpi.com/2413-4155/7/2/82CFDresistancesubmarineDARPA SuboffU209
spellingShingle Ahmad Nasirudin
Sutiyo
Ardi Nugroho Yulianto
Eko Julianto
I Ketut Aria Pria Utama
Martin Renilson
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis into the Comparison of Resistance Characteristics Between DARPA Suboff and Modified U209 Types of Submarines
Sci
CFD
resistance
submarine
DARPA Suboff
U209
title Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis into the Comparison of Resistance Characteristics Between DARPA Suboff and Modified U209 Types of Submarines
title_full Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis into the Comparison of Resistance Characteristics Between DARPA Suboff and Modified U209 Types of Submarines
title_fullStr Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis into the Comparison of Resistance Characteristics Between DARPA Suboff and Modified U209 Types of Submarines
title_full_unstemmed Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis into the Comparison of Resistance Characteristics Between DARPA Suboff and Modified U209 Types of Submarines
title_short Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis into the Comparison of Resistance Characteristics Between DARPA Suboff and Modified U209 Types of Submarines
title_sort computational fluid dynamics analysis into the comparison of resistance characteristics between darpa suboff and modified u209 types of submarines
topic CFD
resistance
submarine
DARPA Suboff
U209
url https://www.mdpi.com/2413-4155/7/2/82
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