Inducible Clindamycin Resistance and its Molecular Characterisation among Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from A Tertiary Care Centre in South Kerala

A rise in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in hospitals and the population has led to an increase in Macrolide–Lincosamide–Streptogramin type B (MLSB) antibiotic resistance. This has led to increased treatment costs, length of hospital stay and morbidity, as therapy has grown increa...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ashna Ajimsha, Kiran Subhash, Ashish Jitendranath, J.T. Ramani Bai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://microbiologyjournal.org/inducible-clindamycin-resistance-and-its-molecular-characterisation-among-isolates-of-staphylococcus-aureus-from-a-tertiary-care-centre-in-south-kerala/
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850100093448880128
author Ashna Ajimsha
Kiran Subhash
Ashish Jitendranath
J.T. Ramani Bai
author_facet Ashna Ajimsha
Kiran Subhash
Ashish Jitendranath
J.T. Ramani Bai
author_sort Ashna Ajimsha
collection DOAJ
description A rise in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in hospitals and the population has led to an increase in Macrolide–Lincosamide–Streptogramin type B (MLSB) antibiotic resistance. This has led to increased treatment costs, length of hospital stay and morbidity, as therapy has grown increasingly challenging. As a result, it is imperative that S. aureus isolates and their susceptibility patterns especially to clindamycin and erythromycin, be accurately identified and reported. Of the 341 (100%) S. aureus strains that were recovered from various clinical samples, such as blood, pus, urine, and sputum, 267 (78.6%) were MSSA (methicillin-sensitive S. aureus) and 74 (21.4%) were MRSA. iMLSB (inducible MLSB) resistance detected by D-test was present in 42 (12.3%) isolates, out of which 23 (15.6%) were MSSA and 19 (33.9%) were MRSA. Real-time PCR was done for gene detection on all iMLSB positive isolates. The majority of the isolates – 22 (52.4%) showed both ermA and ermC genes; out of which 13 (56.5%) were MSSA, whereas 9 (47.4%) were MRSA. To correctly identify the true phenotypes sensitive to clindamycin and those showing iMLSB resistance, a reasonably priced, D-test (double disc diffusion test) can be included in routine antibiotic susceptibility testing in clinical settings for all erythromycin-resistant staphylococcal isolates. By following this technique, clinicians treating patients with infections brought on by inducible clindamycin-resistant strains will be guided to forego clindamycin from their treatment regimens, helping to prevent therapeutic failures.
format Article
id doaj-art-759f387f2f8b4263be690beda8526e50
institution DOAJ
issn 0973-7510
2581-690X
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
record_format Article
series Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
spelling doaj-art-759f387f2f8b4263be690beda8526e502025-08-20T02:40:21ZengJournal of Pure and Applied MicrobiologyJournal of Pure and Applied Microbiology0973-75102581-690X2025-06-011921145115310.22207/JPAM.19.2.19Inducible Clindamycin Resistance and its Molecular Characterisation among Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from A Tertiary Care Centre in South KeralaAshna Ajimshahttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-2352-9483Kiran SubhashAshish Jitendranathhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2132-332XJ.T. Ramani BaiA rise in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in hospitals and the population has led to an increase in Macrolide–Lincosamide–Streptogramin type B (MLSB) antibiotic resistance. This has led to increased treatment costs, length of hospital stay and morbidity, as therapy has grown increasingly challenging. As a result, it is imperative that S. aureus isolates and their susceptibility patterns especially to clindamycin and erythromycin, be accurately identified and reported. Of the 341 (100%) S. aureus strains that were recovered from various clinical samples, such as blood, pus, urine, and sputum, 267 (78.6%) were MSSA (methicillin-sensitive S. aureus) and 74 (21.4%) were MRSA. iMLSB (inducible MLSB) resistance detected by D-test was present in 42 (12.3%) isolates, out of which 23 (15.6%) were MSSA and 19 (33.9%) were MRSA. Real-time PCR was done for gene detection on all iMLSB positive isolates. The majority of the isolates – 22 (52.4%) showed both ermA and ermC genes; out of which 13 (56.5%) were MSSA, whereas 9 (47.4%) were MRSA. To correctly identify the true phenotypes sensitive to clindamycin and those showing iMLSB resistance, a reasonably priced, D-test (double disc diffusion test) can be included in routine antibiotic susceptibility testing in clinical settings for all erythromycin-resistant staphylococcal isolates. By following this technique, clinicians treating patients with infections brought on by inducible clindamycin-resistant strains will be guided to forego clindamycin from their treatment regimens, helping to prevent therapeutic failures.https://microbiologyjournal.org/inducible-clindamycin-resistance-and-its-molecular-characterisation-among-isolates-of-staphylococcus-aureus-from-a-tertiary-care-centre-in-south-kerala/d-teststaphylococcus aureusinducible clindamycin resistanceerm genesimlsbermaermcpcr
spellingShingle Ashna Ajimsha
Kiran Subhash
Ashish Jitendranath
J.T. Ramani Bai
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance and its Molecular Characterisation among Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from A Tertiary Care Centre in South Kerala
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
d-test
staphylococcus aureus
inducible clindamycin resistance
erm genes
imlsb
erma
ermc
pcr
title Inducible Clindamycin Resistance and its Molecular Characterisation among Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from A Tertiary Care Centre in South Kerala
title_full Inducible Clindamycin Resistance and its Molecular Characterisation among Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from A Tertiary Care Centre in South Kerala
title_fullStr Inducible Clindamycin Resistance and its Molecular Characterisation among Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from A Tertiary Care Centre in South Kerala
title_full_unstemmed Inducible Clindamycin Resistance and its Molecular Characterisation among Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from A Tertiary Care Centre in South Kerala
title_short Inducible Clindamycin Resistance and its Molecular Characterisation among Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from A Tertiary Care Centre in South Kerala
title_sort inducible clindamycin resistance and its molecular characterisation among isolates of staphylococcus aureus from a tertiary care centre in south kerala
topic d-test
staphylococcus aureus
inducible clindamycin resistance
erm genes
imlsb
erma
ermc
pcr
url https://microbiologyjournal.org/inducible-clindamycin-resistance-and-its-molecular-characterisation-among-isolates-of-staphylococcus-aureus-from-a-tertiary-care-centre-in-south-kerala/
work_keys_str_mv AT ashnaajimsha inducibleclindamycinresistanceanditsmolecularcharacterisationamongisolatesofstaphylococcusaureusfromatertiarycarecentreinsouthkerala
AT kiransubhash inducibleclindamycinresistanceanditsmolecularcharacterisationamongisolatesofstaphylococcusaureusfromatertiarycarecentreinsouthkerala
AT ashishjitendranath inducibleclindamycinresistanceanditsmolecularcharacterisationamongisolatesofstaphylococcusaureusfromatertiarycarecentreinsouthkerala
AT jtramanibai inducibleclindamycinresistanceanditsmolecularcharacterisationamongisolatesofstaphylococcusaureusfromatertiarycarecentreinsouthkerala