Atherogenic lipid parameters in people with normal glucose tolerance: implications from elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucose

Abstract Background Existing evidence suggests that elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucose (1-h PG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is associated with atherogenic lipid parameters which are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it remains u...

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Main Authors: Chunyu Yang, Xin Chai, Yachen Wang, Di Li, Dongli Zhu, Kaipeng Liang, Jinping Wang, Zhiwei Yang, Qiuhong Gong, Juan Zhang, Ruitai Shao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Cardiovascular Diabetology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02722-8
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author Chunyu Yang
Xin Chai
Yachen Wang
Di Li
Dongli Zhu
Kaipeng Liang
Jinping Wang
Zhiwei Yang
Qiuhong Gong
Juan Zhang
Ruitai Shao
author_facet Chunyu Yang
Xin Chai
Yachen Wang
Di Li
Dongli Zhu
Kaipeng Liang
Jinping Wang
Zhiwei Yang
Qiuhong Gong
Juan Zhang
Ruitai Shao
author_sort Chunyu Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Existing evidence suggests that elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucose (1-h PG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is associated with atherogenic lipid parameters which are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it remains unclear whether normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals with elevated 1-h PG (NGT-1hPG-high) should still be considered low-risk. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate comprehensive lipid characteristics in individuals with different glycemic status stratified by 1-h PG, with a particular focus on those with NGT-1hPG-high. Methods This cross-sectional study included individuals aged 25–55 years with high-risk of diabetes from the Daqing Diabetes Prevention Study II (Daqing DPS-II). Individuals were categorized into different glycemic status based on the World Health Organization’s 1999 criteria and the International Diabetes Federation’s 2024 position statement on 1-h PG. Traditional (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) and non-traditional lipid parameters [ApoA-1, ApoB, sdLDL-C, Lp(a), non-HDL-C, remnant cholesterol (RC), ApoB/ApoA-1, LDL-C/ApoB] were measured. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the 2023 Chinese Guidelines for Lipid Management. The China-PAR equation was used to estimate 10-year CVD risk. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the correlation between lipid parameters and 10-year CVD risk. Logistic and multiple linear regression models were performed to assess the association between 1-h PG and dyslipidemia as well as lipid parameters adjusting for covariates. Results Among 2 469 individuals, 22.7% had NGT with normal 1-h PG (NGT-1hPG-normal), 19.9% had NGT-1hPG-high, 2.6% had prediabetes with normal 1-h PG (PDM-1hPG-normal), 34.2% had prediabetes with elevated 1-h PG (PDM-1hPG-high), and 20.6% had newly diagnosed diabetes. The prevalence of dyslipidemia did not significantly differ between NGT-1hPG-high and PDM-1hPG-high (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 0.88–1.44, P > 0.05). Higher 1-h PG levels were consistently associated with an atherogenic lipid profile, characterized by increased TC, TG, LDL-C, ApoB, sdLDL-C, non-HDL-C, RC and ApoB/ApoA-1, along with decreased ApoA-1, HDL-C and LDL-C/ApoB (all P < 0.05). Among lipid parameters, TG, sdLDL-C, RC, ApoB/ApoA-1, LDL-C/ApoB and HDL-C showed the strongest correlation with 10-year CVD risk, with Spearman’s correlation coefficients of 0.41, 0.38, 0.35, 0.31, − 0.37 and − 0.36, respectively. In the NGT-1hPG-high, TG, sdLDL-C, and ApoB/ApoA-1 levels were significantly higher, while HDL-C and LDL-C/ApoB levels were significantly lower compared to counterparts with NGT-1hPG-normal (all P < 0.05). Moreover, except for TG and RC (both P < 0.01), the majority of lipid parameter levels in NGT-1hPG-high did not significantly differ from those in PDM (all P > 0.05). Conclusions NGT-1hPG-high exhibited a similar atherogenic lipid profile to that observed in PDM. 1-h PG could serve as a potential indicator for the early identification of at-risk individuals who may otherwise go undetected among NGT population. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-7597b6ea3c464bdf80591996aeb677ed2025-08-20T02:32:00ZengBMCCardiovascular Diabetology1475-28402025-05-0124111210.1186/s12933-025-02722-8Atherogenic lipid parameters in people with normal glucose tolerance: implications from elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucoseChunyu Yang0Xin Chai1Yachen Wang2Di Li3Dongli Zhu4Kaipeng Liang5Jinping Wang6Zhiwei Yang7Qiuhong Gong8Juan Zhang9Ruitai Shao10School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeDaqing Oilfield General Hospital (Daqing First Hospital)Daqing Oilfield General Hospital (Daqing First Hospital)School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeDaqing Oilfield General Hospital (Daqing First Hospital)Daqing Oilfield General Hospital (Daqing First Hospital)Center of Endocrinology, National Center of Cardiology & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeAbstract Background Existing evidence suggests that elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucose (1-h PG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is associated with atherogenic lipid parameters which are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it remains unclear whether normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals with elevated 1-h PG (NGT-1hPG-high) should still be considered low-risk. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate comprehensive lipid characteristics in individuals with different glycemic status stratified by 1-h PG, with a particular focus on those with NGT-1hPG-high. Methods This cross-sectional study included individuals aged 25–55 years with high-risk of diabetes from the Daqing Diabetes Prevention Study II (Daqing DPS-II). Individuals were categorized into different glycemic status based on the World Health Organization’s 1999 criteria and the International Diabetes Federation’s 2024 position statement on 1-h PG. Traditional (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) and non-traditional lipid parameters [ApoA-1, ApoB, sdLDL-C, Lp(a), non-HDL-C, remnant cholesterol (RC), ApoB/ApoA-1, LDL-C/ApoB] were measured. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the 2023 Chinese Guidelines for Lipid Management. The China-PAR equation was used to estimate 10-year CVD risk. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the correlation between lipid parameters and 10-year CVD risk. Logistic and multiple linear regression models were performed to assess the association between 1-h PG and dyslipidemia as well as lipid parameters adjusting for covariates. Results Among 2 469 individuals, 22.7% had NGT with normal 1-h PG (NGT-1hPG-normal), 19.9% had NGT-1hPG-high, 2.6% had prediabetes with normal 1-h PG (PDM-1hPG-normal), 34.2% had prediabetes with elevated 1-h PG (PDM-1hPG-high), and 20.6% had newly diagnosed diabetes. The prevalence of dyslipidemia did not significantly differ between NGT-1hPG-high and PDM-1hPG-high (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 0.88–1.44, P > 0.05). Higher 1-h PG levels were consistently associated with an atherogenic lipid profile, characterized by increased TC, TG, LDL-C, ApoB, sdLDL-C, non-HDL-C, RC and ApoB/ApoA-1, along with decreased ApoA-1, HDL-C and LDL-C/ApoB (all P < 0.05). Among lipid parameters, TG, sdLDL-C, RC, ApoB/ApoA-1, LDL-C/ApoB and HDL-C showed the strongest correlation with 10-year CVD risk, with Spearman’s correlation coefficients of 0.41, 0.38, 0.35, 0.31, − 0.37 and − 0.36, respectively. In the NGT-1hPG-high, TG, sdLDL-C, and ApoB/ApoA-1 levels were significantly higher, while HDL-C and LDL-C/ApoB levels were significantly lower compared to counterparts with NGT-1hPG-normal (all P < 0.05). Moreover, except for TG and RC (both P < 0.01), the majority of lipid parameter levels in NGT-1hPG-high did not significantly differ from those in PDM (all P > 0.05). Conclusions NGT-1hPG-high exhibited a similar atherogenic lipid profile to that observed in PDM. 1-h PG could serve as a potential indicator for the early identification of at-risk individuals who may otherwise go undetected among NGT population. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02722-81-hour post-load plasma glucoseDyslipidemiaLipid parametersDiabetesCardiovascular disease
spellingShingle Chunyu Yang
Xin Chai
Yachen Wang
Di Li
Dongli Zhu
Kaipeng Liang
Jinping Wang
Zhiwei Yang
Qiuhong Gong
Juan Zhang
Ruitai Shao
Atherogenic lipid parameters in people with normal glucose tolerance: implications from elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucose
Cardiovascular Diabetology
1-hour post-load plasma glucose
Dyslipidemia
Lipid parameters
Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
title Atherogenic lipid parameters in people with normal glucose tolerance: implications from elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucose
title_full Atherogenic lipid parameters in people with normal glucose tolerance: implications from elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucose
title_fullStr Atherogenic lipid parameters in people with normal glucose tolerance: implications from elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucose
title_full_unstemmed Atherogenic lipid parameters in people with normal glucose tolerance: implications from elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucose
title_short Atherogenic lipid parameters in people with normal glucose tolerance: implications from elevated 1-hour post-load plasma glucose
title_sort atherogenic lipid parameters in people with normal glucose tolerance implications from elevated 1 hour post load plasma glucose
topic 1-hour post-load plasma glucose
Dyslipidemia
Lipid parameters
Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02722-8
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