Identifying degradation pathways at Sembrong Dam, Johor: insights from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and NDVI analysis

The study is to evaluate the catchment area mapping at Sembrong Dam in Johor, Malaysia and identify potential transit pathways contributing to dam water degradation while implementing targeted mitigation works. The analysis involved the surface runoff patterns and topographical/geographic data via a...

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Main Authors: Mustafa Anjang Ahmad, Muhammad Dzikri Kahlid, Muhammad Haziq Izzuddin Mohd Hussin, Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi, Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Al-Qadami, Mokhamad Nur Cahyadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universitas Mercu Buana 2025-05-01
Series:Jurnal Ilmiah SINERGI
Subjects:
Online Access:https://publikasi.mercubuana.ac.id/index.php/sinergi/article/view/29622
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author Mustafa Anjang Ahmad
Muhammad Dzikri Kahlid
Muhammad Haziq Izzuddin Mohd Hussin
Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi
Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Al-Qadami
Mokhamad Nur Cahyadi
author_facet Mustafa Anjang Ahmad
Muhammad Dzikri Kahlid
Muhammad Haziq Izzuddin Mohd Hussin
Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi
Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Al-Qadami
Mokhamad Nur Cahyadi
author_sort Mustafa Anjang Ahmad
collection DOAJ
description The study is to evaluate the catchment area mapping at Sembrong Dam in Johor, Malaysia and identify potential transit pathways contributing to dam water degradation while implementing targeted mitigation works. The analysis involved the surface runoff patterns and topographical/geographic data via a digital elevation model (DEM), providing insights into terrain characteristics, slope, and flow directions to hydrological dynamics that significantly contribute to water resource management. This study focuses on producing the catchment area map with satellite imagery and defining the transit pathway that potentially causes water degradation in a reservoir. The analysis uses satellite images from sentinel-2 processing to generate a detailed runoff map and DEM of the catchment area surrounding the dam. The study uses Red Bands (RED) and Near-Infrared Bands (NIR) to process sentinel satellite images to create NDVI maps. Data is uploaded as Raster data in QGIS, and NDVI calculations are performed to transform raw satellite data into an index for vegetation health. NDVI values are classified into different colour classes to visualize the condition of the study area. High NDVI values indicate higher concentrations of agriculture nutrients, potentially triggering eutrophication in watersheds through surface runoff. The study analyzed a 66.89 km2 reservoir catchment area using runoff maps. NDVI analysis showed vegetation density and plant health, with robust vegetation in the dam-surrounded region with an NDVI value of 0.8. However, due to its narrow geography and deep lakes, the northeastern region is slightly polluted and susceptible to algae growth. The study aims to improve understanding of LULC and water conditions by analyzing pollution levels using remote sensing data, DEM, and NDVI for mitigation strategies.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1410-2331
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spelling doaj-art-757bffe3456a4bd0a1748bd2c079b4f12025-08-20T03:31:28ZengUniversitas Mercu BuanaJurnal Ilmiah SINERGI1410-23312460-12172025-05-0129243744610.22441/sinergi.2025.2.0148268Identifying degradation pathways at Sembrong Dam, Johor: insights from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and NDVI analysisMustafa Anjang Ahmad0Muhammad Dzikri Kahlid1Muhammad Haziq Izzuddin Mohd Hussin2Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi3Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Al-Qadami4Mokhamad Nur Cahyadi5Center of Applied Geomatic and Disaster Prevention (CAGeD), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaCenter of Applied Geomatic and Disaster Prevention (CAGeD), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaCenter of Applied Geomatic and Disaster Prevention (CAGeD), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaEco-Hydrology Technology Research Center (Eco-Hytech), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaEco-Hydrology Technology Research Center (Eco-Hytech), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaGeomatics Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)The study is to evaluate the catchment area mapping at Sembrong Dam in Johor, Malaysia and identify potential transit pathways contributing to dam water degradation while implementing targeted mitigation works. The analysis involved the surface runoff patterns and topographical/geographic data via a digital elevation model (DEM), providing insights into terrain characteristics, slope, and flow directions to hydrological dynamics that significantly contribute to water resource management. This study focuses on producing the catchment area map with satellite imagery and defining the transit pathway that potentially causes water degradation in a reservoir. The analysis uses satellite images from sentinel-2 processing to generate a detailed runoff map and DEM of the catchment area surrounding the dam. The study uses Red Bands (RED) and Near-Infrared Bands (NIR) to process sentinel satellite images to create NDVI maps. Data is uploaded as Raster data in QGIS, and NDVI calculations are performed to transform raw satellite data into an index for vegetation health. NDVI values are classified into different colour classes to visualize the condition of the study area. High NDVI values indicate higher concentrations of agriculture nutrients, potentially triggering eutrophication in watersheds through surface runoff. The study analyzed a 66.89 km2 reservoir catchment area using runoff maps. NDVI analysis showed vegetation density and plant health, with robust vegetation in the dam-surrounded region with an NDVI value of 0.8. However, due to its narrow geography and deep lakes, the northeastern region is slightly polluted and susceptible to algae growth. The study aims to improve understanding of LULC and water conditions by analyzing pollution levels using remote sensing data, DEM, and NDVI for mitigation strategies.https://publikasi.mercubuana.ac.id/index.php/sinergi/article/view/29622catchment area mappingdigital elevation model (dem)normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi)sembrong damsurface runoff analysiswater degradation
spellingShingle Mustafa Anjang Ahmad
Muhammad Dzikri Kahlid
Muhammad Haziq Izzuddin Mohd Hussin
Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi
Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Al-Qadami
Mokhamad Nur Cahyadi
Identifying degradation pathways at Sembrong Dam, Johor: insights from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and NDVI analysis
Jurnal Ilmiah SINERGI
catchment area mapping
digital elevation model (dem)
normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi)
sembrong dam
surface runoff analysis
water degradation
title Identifying degradation pathways at Sembrong Dam, Johor: insights from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and NDVI analysis
title_full Identifying degradation pathways at Sembrong Dam, Johor: insights from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and NDVI analysis
title_fullStr Identifying degradation pathways at Sembrong Dam, Johor: insights from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and NDVI analysis
title_full_unstemmed Identifying degradation pathways at Sembrong Dam, Johor: insights from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and NDVI analysis
title_short Identifying degradation pathways at Sembrong Dam, Johor: insights from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and NDVI analysis
title_sort identifying degradation pathways at sembrong dam johor insights from sentinel 2 satellite imagery and ndvi analysis
topic catchment area mapping
digital elevation model (dem)
normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi)
sembrong dam
surface runoff analysis
water degradation
url https://publikasi.mercubuana.ac.id/index.php/sinergi/article/view/29622
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