Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications
Purinergic receptors play important roles in central nervous system (CNS). These receptors are involved in cellular neuroinflammatory responses that regulate functions of neurons, microglial and astrocytes. Based on their endogenous ligands, purinergic receptors are classified into P1 or adenosine,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Molecular Imaging |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/1536012120927609 |
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| author | Hamideh Zarrinmayeh PhD Paul R. Territo PhD |
| author_facet | Hamideh Zarrinmayeh PhD Paul R. Territo PhD |
| author_sort | Hamideh Zarrinmayeh PhD |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purinergic receptors play important roles in central nervous system (CNS). These receptors are involved in cellular neuroinflammatory responses that regulate functions of neurons, microglial and astrocytes. Based on their endogenous ligands, purinergic receptors are classified into P1 or adenosine, P2X and P2Y receptors. During brain injury or under pathological conditions, rapid diffusion of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or uridine triphosphate (UTP) from the damaged cells, promote microglial activation that result in the changes in expression of several of these receptors in the brain. Imaging of the purinergic receptors with selective Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioligands has advanced our understanding of the functional roles of some of these receptors in healthy and diseased brains. In this review, we have accumulated a list of currently available PET radioligands of the purinergic receptors that are used to elucidate the receptor functions and participations in CNS disorders. We have also reviewed receptors lacking radiotracer, laying the foundation for future discoveries of novel PET radioligands to reveal these receptors roles in CNS disorders. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-75757e00fe3246d2878bc1af3382ef9a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1536-0121 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Imaging |
| spelling | doaj-art-75757e00fe3246d2878bc1af3382ef9a2025-02-03T10:07:34ZengSAGE PublishingMolecular Imaging1536-01212020-06-011910.1177/1536012120927609Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their ApplicationsHamideh Zarrinmayeh PhD0Paul R. Territo PhD1 Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USAPurinergic receptors play important roles in central nervous system (CNS). These receptors are involved in cellular neuroinflammatory responses that regulate functions of neurons, microglial and astrocytes. Based on their endogenous ligands, purinergic receptors are classified into P1 or adenosine, P2X and P2Y receptors. During brain injury or under pathological conditions, rapid diffusion of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or uridine triphosphate (UTP) from the damaged cells, promote microglial activation that result in the changes in expression of several of these receptors in the brain. Imaging of the purinergic receptors with selective Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioligands has advanced our understanding of the functional roles of some of these receptors in healthy and diseased brains. In this review, we have accumulated a list of currently available PET radioligands of the purinergic receptors that are used to elucidate the receptor functions and participations in CNS disorders. We have also reviewed receptors lacking radiotracer, laying the foundation for future discoveries of novel PET radioligands to reveal these receptors roles in CNS disorders.https://doi.org/10.1177/1536012120927609 |
| spellingShingle | Hamideh Zarrinmayeh PhD Paul R. Territo PhD Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications Molecular Imaging |
| title | Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications |
| title_full | Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications |
| title_fullStr | Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications |
| title_short | Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications |
| title_sort | purinergic receptors of the central nervous system biology pet ligands and their applications |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/1536012120927609 |
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