Numerical Study of the Active Flow Control Effect on the Wind Turbine Blade Section Using a Trailing Edge Flap

ABSTRACT Wind turbines operating in unsteady and complex environments often encounter asymmetric and unsteady vortex flows on the suction side of the blade, leading to airflow separation and dynamic stall. These issues significantly impact the aerodynamic performance and energy efficiency of wind tu...

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Main Authors: S. U. N. ZhiXin, L. I. U. HanTao, L. I. HaiQiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Wind Energy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/we.70023
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author S. U. N. ZhiXin
L. I. U. HanTao
L. I. HaiQiao
author_facet S. U. N. ZhiXin
L. I. U. HanTao
L. I. HaiQiao
author_sort S. U. N. ZhiXin
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Wind turbines operating in unsteady and complex environments often encounter asymmetric and unsteady vortex flows on the suction side of the blade, leading to airflow separation and dynamic stall. These issues significantly impact the aerodynamic performance and energy efficiency of wind turbines. Trailing edge flaps are an active flow control method to mitigate dynamic stall; however, there is a lack of research regarding the regulatory relationship between airfoil parameters, trailing edge flap oscillation angles, and aerodynamic parameters. To address this research gap, this numerical study employs a multiblock overlapping grid technique and a custom‐programmed method to simulate active flow control on an airfoil by coordinating the motion of the main wing and trailing edge flap during pitching oscillations. Aerodynamic parameters of airfoils were calculated to investigate the impact of trailing edge flap deflection direction, deflection amplitude, and other parameters on the wind turbine blade section airfoil thrust, torque, and aerodynamic characteristics under stall conditions. An optimized aerodynamic performance curve of the blade was produced. The results show that when a dynamic stall occurred and the wind speed was low, the lift coefficient of the airfoil can be increased by approximately 23% with the amplitude αamp1 = 40° and the same deflection direction; moreover, the tangential force and torque value on the blade concurrently increased. Adjusting the motion of the main wing and trailing edge flap reduced the thrust and load fluctuation of the blade by changing the flap amplitude value. Additionally, the operation efficiency of the wind turbine improved. These results can provide a reference for the active flow control and application of wind turbine flaps.
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language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
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spelling doaj-art-7574fafeaf4f418480cd0a14ff0f2e582025-08-20T03:47:45ZengWileyWind Energy1095-42441099-18242025-06-01286n/an/a10.1002/we.70023Numerical Study of the Active Flow Control Effect on the Wind Turbine Blade Section Using a Trailing Edge FlapS. U. N. ZhiXin0L. I. U. HanTao1L. I. HaiQiao2School of Energy and Power Engineering North University of China Taiyuan ChinaSchool of Energy and Power Engineering North University of China Taiyuan ChinaSchool of Energy and Power Engineering North University of China Taiyuan ChinaABSTRACT Wind turbines operating in unsteady and complex environments often encounter asymmetric and unsteady vortex flows on the suction side of the blade, leading to airflow separation and dynamic stall. These issues significantly impact the aerodynamic performance and energy efficiency of wind turbines. Trailing edge flaps are an active flow control method to mitigate dynamic stall; however, there is a lack of research regarding the regulatory relationship between airfoil parameters, trailing edge flap oscillation angles, and aerodynamic parameters. To address this research gap, this numerical study employs a multiblock overlapping grid technique and a custom‐programmed method to simulate active flow control on an airfoil by coordinating the motion of the main wing and trailing edge flap during pitching oscillations. Aerodynamic parameters of airfoils were calculated to investigate the impact of trailing edge flap deflection direction, deflection amplitude, and other parameters on the wind turbine blade section airfoil thrust, torque, and aerodynamic characteristics under stall conditions. An optimized aerodynamic performance curve of the blade was produced. The results show that when a dynamic stall occurred and the wind speed was low, the lift coefficient of the airfoil can be increased by approximately 23% with the amplitude αamp1 = 40° and the same deflection direction; moreover, the tangential force and torque value on the blade concurrently increased. Adjusting the motion of the main wing and trailing edge flap reduced the thrust and load fluctuation of the blade by changing the flap amplitude value. Additionally, the operation efficiency of the wind turbine improved. These results can provide a reference for the active flow control and application of wind turbine flaps.https://doi.org/10.1002/we.70023active flow controlairfoil oscillationdynamic stallhorizontal‐axis wind turbinestrailing edge flap
spellingShingle S. U. N. ZhiXin
L. I. U. HanTao
L. I. HaiQiao
Numerical Study of the Active Flow Control Effect on the Wind Turbine Blade Section Using a Trailing Edge Flap
Wind Energy
active flow control
airfoil oscillation
dynamic stall
horizontal‐axis wind turbines
trailing edge flap
title Numerical Study of the Active Flow Control Effect on the Wind Turbine Blade Section Using a Trailing Edge Flap
title_full Numerical Study of the Active Flow Control Effect on the Wind Turbine Blade Section Using a Trailing Edge Flap
title_fullStr Numerical Study of the Active Flow Control Effect on the Wind Turbine Blade Section Using a Trailing Edge Flap
title_full_unstemmed Numerical Study of the Active Flow Control Effect on the Wind Turbine Blade Section Using a Trailing Edge Flap
title_short Numerical Study of the Active Flow Control Effect on the Wind Turbine Blade Section Using a Trailing Edge Flap
title_sort numerical study of the active flow control effect on the wind turbine blade section using a trailing edge flap
topic active flow control
airfoil oscillation
dynamic stall
horizontal‐axis wind turbines
trailing edge flap
url https://doi.org/10.1002/we.70023
work_keys_str_mv AT sunzhixin numericalstudyoftheactiveflowcontroleffectonthewindturbinebladesectionusingatrailingedgeflap
AT liuhantao numericalstudyoftheactiveflowcontroleffectonthewindturbinebladesectionusingatrailingedgeflap
AT lihaiqiao numericalstudyoftheactiveflowcontroleffectonthewindturbinebladesectionusingatrailingedgeflap