Preparation and Performance of a Grid-Based PCL/TPU@MWCNTs Nanofiber Membrane for Pressure Sensor

The intrinsic trade-off among sensitivity, response speed, and measurement range continues to hinder the wider adoption of flexible pressure sensors in areas such as medical diagnostics and gesture recognition. In this work, we propose a grid-structured polycaprolactone/thermoplastic-polyurethane na...

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Main Authors: Ping Zhu, Qian Lan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3201
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author Ping Zhu
Qian Lan
author_facet Ping Zhu
Qian Lan
author_sort Ping Zhu
collection DOAJ
description The intrinsic trade-off among sensitivity, response speed, and measurement range continues to hinder the wider adoption of flexible pressure sensors in areas such as medical diagnostics and gesture recognition. In this work, we propose a grid-structured polycaprolactone/thermoplastic-polyurethane nanofiber pressure sensor decorated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PCL/TPU@MWCNTs). By introducing a gradient grid membrane, the strain distribution and reconstruction of the conductive network can be modulated, thereby alleviating the conflict between sensitivity, response speed, and operating range. First, static mechanical simulations were performed to compare the mechanical responses of planar and grid membranes, confirming that the grid architecture offers superior sensitivity. Next, PCL/TPU@MWCNT nanofiber membranes were fabricated via coaxial electrospinning followed by vacuum-filtration and assembled into three-layer planar and grid piezoresistive pressure sensors. Their sensing characteristics were evaluated by simple index-finger motions and slide the mouse wheel identified. Within 0–34 kPa, the sensitivities of the planar and grid sensors reached 1.80 kPa<sup>−1</sup> and 2.24 kPa<sup>−1</sup>, respectively; in the 35–75 kPa range, they were 1.03 kPa<sup>−1</sup> and 1.27 kPa<sup>−1</sup>. The rise/decay times of the output signals were 10.53 ms/11.20 ms for the planar sensor and 9.17 ms/9.65 ms for the grid sensor. Both sensors successfully distinguished active index-finger bending at 0–0.5 Hz. The dynamic range of the grid sensor during the extension motion of the index finger is 105 dB and, during the scrolling mouse motion, is 55 dB, affording higher measurement stability and a broader operating window, fully meeting the requirements for high-precision hand-motion recognition.
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spelling doaj-art-7568756c66b240aa89e547075febff222025-08-20T03:47:58ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012510320110.3390/s25103201Preparation and Performance of a Grid-Based PCL/TPU@MWCNTs Nanofiber Membrane for Pressure SensorPing Zhu0Qian Lan1School Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaThe intrinsic trade-off among sensitivity, response speed, and measurement range continues to hinder the wider adoption of flexible pressure sensors in areas such as medical diagnostics and gesture recognition. In this work, we propose a grid-structured polycaprolactone/thermoplastic-polyurethane nanofiber pressure sensor decorated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PCL/TPU@MWCNTs). By introducing a gradient grid membrane, the strain distribution and reconstruction of the conductive network can be modulated, thereby alleviating the conflict between sensitivity, response speed, and operating range. First, static mechanical simulations were performed to compare the mechanical responses of planar and grid membranes, confirming that the grid architecture offers superior sensitivity. Next, PCL/TPU@MWCNT nanofiber membranes were fabricated via coaxial electrospinning followed by vacuum-filtration and assembled into three-layer planar and grid piezoresistive pressure sensors. Their sensing characteristics were evaluated by simple index-finger motions and slide the mouse wheel identified. Within 0–34 kPa, the sensitivities of the planar and grid sensors reached 1.80 kPa<sup>−1</sup> and 2.24 kPa<sup>−1</sup>, respectively; in the 35–75 kPa range, they were 1.03 kPa<sup>−1</sup> and 1.27 kPa<sup>−1</sup>. The rise/decay times of the output signals were 10.53 ms/11.20 ms for the planar sensor and 9.17 ms/9.65 ms for the grid sensor. Both sensors successfully distinguished active index-finger bending at 0–0.5 Hz. The dynamic range of the grid sensor during the extension motion of the index finger is 105 dB and, during the scrolling mouse motion, is 55 dB, affording higher measurement stability and a broader operating window, fully meeting the requirements for high-precision hand-motion recognition.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3201pressure sensornanofiber-basedwider dynamic rangethe sensitivityresponse speed
spellingShingle Ping Zhu
Qian Lan
Preparation and Performance of a Grid-Based PCL/TPU@MWCNTs Nanofiber Membrane for Pressure Sensor
Sensors
pressure sensor
nanofiber-based
wider dynamic range
the sensitivity
response speed
title Preparation and Performance of a Grid-Based PCL/TPU@MWCNTs Nanofiber Membrane for Pressure Sensor
title_full Preparation and Performance of a Grid-Based PCL/TPU@MWCNTs Nanofiber Membrane for Pressure Sensor
title_fullStr Preparation and Performance of a Grid-Based PCL/TPU@MWCNTs Nanofiber Membrane for Pressure Sensor
title_full_unstemmed Preparation and Performance of a Grid-Based PCL/TPU@MWCNTs Nanofiber Membrane for Pressure Sensor
title_short Preparation and Performance of a Grid-Based PCL/TPU@MWCNTs Nanofiber Membrane for Pressure Sensor
title_sort preparation and performance of a grid based pcl tpu mwcnts nanofiber membrane for pressure sensor
topic pressure sensor
nanofiber-based
wider dynamic range
the sensitivity
response speed
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3201
work_keys_str_mv AT pingzhu preparationandperformanceofagridbasedpcltpumwcntsnanofibermembraneforpressuresensor
AT qianlan preparationandperformanceofagridbasedpcltpumwcntsnanofibermembraneforpressuresensor