Use calcium silicate filler to improve the properties of sago starch based degradable plastic
The addition of fillers or additives to improve the mechanical properties of degradable plastics such as sago starch has gained the interest of researchers, scientists, and academicians. This research aims to investigate the addition of calcium silicate as an additive filler on the properties of a s...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
AIMS Press
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | AIMS Environmental Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/environsci.2025001 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849325725437394944 |
|---|---|
| author | Rozanna Dewi Novi Sylvia Zulnazri Zulnazri Medyan Riza Januar Parlaungan Siregar Tezara Cionita |
| author_facet | Rozanna Dewi Novi Sylvia Zulnazri Zulnazri Medyan Riza Januar Parlaungan Siregar Tezara Cionita |
| author_sort | Rozanna Dewi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The addition of fillers or additives to improve the mechanical properties of degradable plastics such as sago starch has gained the interest of researchers, scientists, and academicians. This research aims to investigate the addition of calcium silicate as an additive filler on the properties of a sago starch-based degradable plastic. The calcium silicate fillers used were 2, 4, 6, and 8% by weight starch, and the gelatinization process temperature used was 70, 80, and 90 ℃. The properties of these plastics were analyzed in terms of their strength, chemical composition, thermal stability, water absorption, and degradation rate. The optimum mechanical characteristics included a tensile strength of 28.04 MPa, 32.55 MPa of elongation at the break, and 70.02% of Young's modulus obtained with the addition of 8% calcium silicate and a gelatinization temperature of 90 ℃. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) showed that there were O-H, C-H, and C = O groups that existed at wave numbers of 3795.91 cm-1, 2927.94 cm-1, and 1433.11–1616.35 cm-1; moreover, these groups are hydrophilic, which bind water, so they can be degraded by the microbial activity in the soil. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that the degradable plastic had a thermogram peak at 271.38 ℃; additionally an endothermic peak occurred at 309.30 ℃. The maximum swelling value was 64.05% at 2% calcium silicate and a gelatinization temperature of 70 ℃. The addition of calcium silicate made the plastic more water-resistant. The degradation rate of the degradable plastic ranged from 12–15 days and conformed to the American Standard Testing and Materials (ASTM) D-20.96 (maximum 180 days of decomposition for degradable plastic). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7563c90a7189441fa4b69a126f7eb8eb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2372-0352 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | AIMS Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AIMS Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-7563c90a7189441fa4b69a126f7eb8eb2025-08-20T03:48:19ZengAIMS PressAIMS Environmental Science2372-03522025-01-0112111510.3934/environsci.2025001Use calcium silicate filler to improve the properties of sago starch based degradable plasticRozanna Dewi0Novi Sylvia1Zulnazri Zulnazri2Medyan Riza3Januar Parlaungan Siregar4Tezara Cionita5Department of Chemical Engineering, Malikussaleh University, Lhokseumawe 24353, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Malikussaleh University, Lhokseumawe 24353, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Malikussaleh University, Lhokseumawe 24353, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaFaculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), 26600 Pekan, Pahang, MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaThe addition of fillers or additives to improve the mechanical properties of degradable plastics such as sago starch has gained the interest of researchers, scientists, and academicians. This research aims to investigate the addition of calcium silicate as an additive filler on the properties of a sago starch-based degradable plastic. The calcium silicate fillers used were 2, 4, 6, and 8% by weight starch, and the gelatinization process temperature used was 70, 80, and 90 ℃. The properties of these plastics were analyzed in terms of their strength, chemical composition, thermal stability, water absorption, and degradation rate. The optimum mechanical characteristics included a tensile strength of 28.04 MPa, 32.55 MPa of elongation at the break, and 70.02% of Young's modulus obtained with the addition of 8% calcium silicate and a gelatinization temperature of 90 ℃. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) showed that there were O-H, C-H, and C = O groups that existed at wave numbers of 3795.91 cm-1, 2927.94 cm-1, and 1433.11–1616.35 cm-1; moreover, these groups are hydrophilic, which bind water, so they can be degraded by the microbial activity in the soil. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that the degradable plastic had a thermogram peak at 271.38 ℃; additionally an endothermic peak occurred at 309.30 ℃. The maximum swelling value was 64.05% at 2% calcium silicate and a gelatinization temperature of 70 ℃. The addition of calcium silicate made the plastic more water-resistant. The degradation rate of the degradable plastic ranged from 12–15 days and conformed to the American Standard Testing and Materials (ASTM) D-20.96 (maximum 180 days of decomposition for degradable plastic).https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/environsci.2025001sago starchdegradable plasticcalsium silicatefiller |
| spellingShingle | Rozanna Dewi Novi Sylvia Zulnazri Zulnazri Medyan Riza Januar Parlaungan Siregar Tezara Cionita Use calcium silicate filler to improve the properties of sago starch based degradable plastic AIMS Environmental Science sago starch degradable plastic calsium silicate filler |
| title | Use calcium silicate filler to improve the properties of sago starch based degradable plastic |
| title_full | Use calcium silicate filler to improve the properties of sago starch based degradable plastic |
| title_fullStr | Use calcium silicate filler to improve the properties of sago starch based degradable plastic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use calcium silicate filler to improve the properties of sago starch based degradable plastic |
| title_short | Use calcium silicate filler to improve the properties of sago starch based degradable plastic |
| title_sort | use calcium silicate filler to improve the properties of sago starch based degradable plastic |
| topic | sago starch degradable plastic calsium silicate filler |
| url | https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/environsci.2025001 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rozannadewi usecalciumsilicatefillertoimprovethepropertiesofsagostarchbaseddegradableplastic AT novisylvia usecalciumsilicatefillertoimprovethepropertiesofsagostarchbaseddegradableplastic AT zulnazrizulnazri usecalciumsilicatefillertoimprovethepropertiesofsagostarchbaseddegradableplastic AT medyanriza usecalciumsilicatefillertoimprovethepropertiesofsagostarchbaseddegradableplastic AT januarparlaungansiregar usecalciumsilicatefillertoimprovethepropertiesofsagostarchbaseddegradableplastic AT tezaracionita usecalciumsilicatefillertoimprovethepropertiesofsagostarchbaseddegradableplastic |