The role of identity in the development of depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity: a process-oriented approach

Abstract Background Childhood adversity is known to predispose to a wide array of psychopathology in adolescence and early adulthood. Identity development, being a crucial developmental task during adolescence, has been suggested to affect this association. Nonetheless, research on the role of ident...

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Main Authors: Celine Samaey, Stijn Lambrechts, Aleksandra Lecei, Robin Achterhof, Noëmi Hagemann, Karlijn S. F. M. Hermans, Anu P. Hiekkaranta, Olivia J. Kirtley, Ulrich Reininghaus, Bart Boets, Inez Myin-Germeys, Ruud van Winkel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06649-y
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author Celine Samaey
Stijn Lambrechts
Aleksandra Lecei
Robin Achterhof
Noëmi Hagemann
Karlijn S. F. M. Hermans
Anu P. Hiekkaranta
Olivia J. Kirtley
Ulrich Reininghaus
Bart Boets
Inez Myin-Germeys
Ruud van Winkel
author_facet Celine Samaey
Stijn Lambrechts
Aleksandra Lecei
Robin Achterhof
Noëmi Hagemann
Karlijn S. F. M. Hermans
Anu P. Hiekkaranta
Olivia J. Kirtley
Ulrich Reininghaus
Bart Boets
Inez Myin-Germeys
Ruud van Winkel
author_sort Celine Samaey
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Childhood adversity is known to predispose to a wide array of psychopathology in adolescence and early adulthood. Identity development, being a crucial developmental task during adolescence, has been suggested to affect this association. Nonetheless, research on the role of identity processes is scarce. The current study aims to investigate how identity processes of exploration and commitment may impact the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology. Methods We cross-sectionally investigated the association between childhood adversity, identity processes (i.e., exploration in breadth and depth, commitment making, identification with commitment and ruminative exploration) and depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in 869 Flemish adolescents between 14 and 20 years old (mean = 15.52, SD = 1.28). Results Childhood adversity was associated with increased ruminative exploration, which itself was associated with increased psychopathology. On the other hand, commitment making, identification with commitment and exploration in breadth were associated with decreased psychopathology. Processes of exploration in breadth and commitment making attenuated the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology. Moreover, identification with commitment and ruminative exploration potentially mediated this association. Conclusion These findings underscore the importance of healthy identity processes in adolescents, with and without exposure to childhood adversity. Measures of identity structure and identity processes should be combined to fully capture identity.
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spelling doaj-art-754e6b88faac4399950b01f4ae84bdf22025-08-20T01:57:51ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2025-03-012511910.1186/s12888-025-06649-yThe role of identity in the development of depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity: a process-oriented approachCeline Samaey0Stijn Lambrechts1Aleksandra Lecei2Robin Achterhof3Noëmi Hagemann4Karlijn S. F. M. Hermans5Anu P. Hiekkaranta6Olivia J. Kirtley7Ulrich Reininghaus8Bart Boets9Inez Myin-Germeys10Ruud van Winkel11Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU LeuvenDepartment of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU LeuvenDepartment of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU LeuvenDepartment of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU LeuvenDepartment of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU LeuvenDepartment of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU LeuvenDepartment of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU LeuvenDepartment of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU LeuvenDepartment of Public Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg UniversityDepartment of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, KU LeuvenDepartment of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU LeuvenDepartment of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU LeuvenAbstract Background Childhood adversity is known to predispose to a wide array of psychopathology in adolescence and early adulthood. Identity development, being a crucial developmental task during adolescence, has been suggested to affect this association. Nonetheless, research on the role of identity processes is scarce. The current study aims to investigate how identity processes of exploration and commitment may impact the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology. Methods We cross-sectionally investigated the association between childhood adversity, identity processes (i.e., exploration in breadth and depth, commitment making, identification with commitment and ruminative exploration) and depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in 869 Flemish adolescents between 14 and 20 years old (mean = 15.52, SD = 1.28). Results Childhood adversity was associated with increased ruminative exploration, which itself was associated with increased psychopathology. On the other hand, commitment making, identification with commitment and exploration in breadth were associated with decreased psychopathology. Processes of exploration in breadth and commitment making attenuated the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology. Moreover, identification with commitment and ruminative exploration potentially mediated this association. Conclusion These findings underscore the importance of healthy identity processes in adolescents, with and without exposure to childhood adversity. Measures of identity structure and identity processes should be combined to fully capture identity.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06649-yChildhood adversityIdentity processesAdolescence
spellingShingle Celine Samaey
Stijn Lambrechts
Aleksandra Lecei
Robin Achterhof
Noëmi Hagemann
Karlijn S. F. M. Hermans
Anu P. Hiekkaranta
Olivia J. Kirtley
Ulrich Reininghaus
Bart Boets
Inez Myin-Germeys
Ruud van Winkel
The role of identity in the development of depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity: a process-oriented approach
BMC Psychiatry
Childhood adversity
Identity processes
Adolescence
title The role of identity in the development of depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity: a process-oriented approach
title_full The role of identity in the development of depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity: a process-oriented approach
title_fullStr The role of identity in the development of depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity: a process-oriented approach
title_full_unstemmed The role of identity in the development of depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity: a process-oriented approach
title_short The role of identity in the development of depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity: a process-oriented approach
title_sort role of identity in the development of depressive anxiety and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity a process oriented approach
topic Childhood adversity
Identity processes
Adolescence
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06649-y
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