Optimization of extraction parameters and anti-hyperglycemic assessment of standardized extract from Santalum album L. leaves
Background: Santalum album (SA) L., also known as sandalwood, a habituated plant in Asia and China, is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various diseases, including inflammation and diarrhea. It is a versatile tree with considerable commercial worth, primarily due to its excepti...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667142525000065 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850221768346697728 |
|---|---|
| author | Phan Thi Kim Phung Dang Ngoc Lam Binh Nguyen Thi Anh Thu Nguyen Van Ha Tran Thi Huyen Khuu Minh Hien Mai Huynh Nhu Ngo Kien Duc Le Minh Quan |
| author_facet | Phan Thi Kim Phung Dang Ngoc Lam Binh Nguyen Thi Anh Thu Nguyen Van Ha Tran Thi Huyen Khuu Minh Hien Mai Huynh Nhu Ngo Kien Duc Le Minh Quan |
| author_sort | Phan Thi Kim Phung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Santalum album (SA) L., also known as sandalwood, a habituated plant in Asia and China, is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various diseases, including inflammation and diarrhea. It is a versatile tree with considerable commercial worth, primarily due to its exceptionally fragrant qualities. Although extensively studied worldwide for its pharmacological effects, research in Vietnam has yet to develop optimized extraction processes or investigate the biological activities of SA L. constituents. Aim of the study: The objectives of this study were to establish standards, optimize extraction processes, and evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of extracts from the leaves of SA. Materials and methods: The extraction parameters for vitexin and isovitexin were optimized using response surface methodology. Vitexin and isovitexin were quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The hypoglycemic effect of SA extract was assessed using a male Swiss albino mouse model. Results and discussion: Quantification of vitexin and isovitexin in SA extract met the validation standards. The optimal extraction process involved refluxing at 66 °C for 180 min, using 70 % ethanol at a solvent-to-material ratio of 33:1 mL/g. Standardized extracts were developed using specified criteria for sensory properties, moisture, heavy metals, microbial limits, and compound identification. The SA extract contained 6.61 % vitexin and 4.47 % isovitexin (w/w). Safe oral SA doses of 1 and 2 g/kg were established, which improved body weight and blood glucose levels in rats with hyperglycemia. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the optimized method is effective for the extraction of vitexin and isovitexin from SA L. leaves and that the plant may serve as a potential candidate for the development of a new natural anti-diabetic agent. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-754d403a598a4def9ecfc8cdf2b72c4f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2667-1425 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-754d403a598a4def9ecfc8cdf2b72c4f2025-08-20T02:06:36ZengElsevierPharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine2667-14252025-03-011410057710.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100577Optimization of extraction parameters and anti-hyperglycemic assessment of standardized extract from Santalum album L. leavesPhan Thi Kim Phung0Dang Ngoc Lam Binh1Nguyen Thi Anh Thu2Nguyen Van Ha3Tran Thi Huyen4Khuu Minh Hien5Mai Huynh Nhu6Ngo Kien Duc7Le Minh Quan8Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 63000, VietnamDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; Faculty of Pharmacy, University Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Hères 38400, FranceDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamDepartment of Pharmacognosy, University of Health Sciences, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; Corresponding author.Background: Santalum album (SA) L., also known as sandalwood, a habituated plant in Asia and China, is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various diseases, including inflammation and diarrhea. It is a versatile tree with considerable commercial worth, primarily due to its exceptionally fragrant qualities. Although extensively studied worldwide for its pharmacological effects, research in Vietnam has yet to develop optimized extraction processes or investigate the biological activities of SA L. constituents. Aim of the study: The objectives of this study were to establish standards, optimize extraction processes, and evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of extracts from the leaves of SA. Materials and methods: The extraction parameters for vitexin and isovitexin were optimized using response surface methodology. Vitexin and isovitexin were quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The hypoglycemic effect of SA extract was assessed using a male Swiss albino mouse model. Results and discussion: Quantification of vitexin and isovitexin in SA extract met the validation standards. The optimal extraction process involved refluxing at 66 °C for 180 min, using 70 % ethanol at a solvent-to-material ratio of 33:1 mL/g. Standardized extracts were developed using specified criteria for sensory properties, moisture, heavy metals, microbial limits, and compound identification. The SA extract contained 6.61 % vitexin and 4.47 % isovitexin (w/w). Safe oral SA doses of 1 and 2 g/kg were established, which improved body weight and blood glucose levels in rats with hyperglycemia. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the optimized method is effective for the extraction of vitexin and isovitexin from SA L. leaves and that the plant may serve as a potential candidate for the development of a new natural anti-diabetic agent.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667142525000065Santalum album L.VitexinIsovitexinAnti-hyperglycemicResponse surface methodology |
| spellingShingle | Phan Thi Kim Phung Dang Ngoc Lam Binh Nguyen Thi Anh Thu Nguyen Van Ha Tran Thi Huyen Khuu Minh Hien Mai Huynh Nhu Ngo Kien Duc Le Minh Quan Optimization of extraction parameters and anti-hyperglycemic assessment of standardized extract from Santalum album L. leaves Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine Santalum album L. Vitexin Isovitexin Anti-hyperglycemic Response surface methodology |
| title | Optimization of extraction parameters and anti-hyperglycemic assessment of standardized extract from Santalum album L. leaves |
| title_full | Optimization of extraction parameters and anti-hyperglycemic assessment of standardized extract from Santalum album L. leaves |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of extraction parameters and anti-hyperglycemic assessment of standardized extract from Santalum album L. leaves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of extraction parameters and anti-hyperglycemic assessment of standardized extract from Santalum album L. leaves |
| title_short | Optimization of extraction parameters and anti-hyperglycemic assessment of standardized extract from Santalum album L. leaves |
| title_sort | optimization of extraction parameters and anti hyperglycemic assessment of standardized extract from santalum album l leaves |
| topic | Santalum album L. Vitexin Isovitexin Anti-hyperglycemic Response surface methodology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667142525000065 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT phanthikimphung optimizationofextractionparametersandantihyperglycemicassessmentofstandardizedextractfromsantalumalbumlleaves AT dangngoclambinh optimizationofextractionparametersandantihyperglycemicassessmentofstandardizedextractfromsantalumalbumlleaves AT nguyenthianhthu optimizationofextractionparametersandantihyperglycemicassessmentofstandardizedextractfromsantalumalbumlleaves AT nguyenvanha optimizationofextractionparametersandantihyperglycemicassessmentofstandardizedextractfromsantalumalbumlleaves AT tranthihuyen optimizationofextractionparametersandantihyperglycemicassessmentofstandardizedextractfromsantalumalbumlleaves AT khuuminhhien optimizationofextractionparametersandantihyperglycemicassessmentofstandardizedextractfromsantalumalbumlleaves AT maihuynhnhu optimizationofextractionparametersandantihyperglycemicassessmentofstandardizedextractfromsantalumalbumlleaves AT ngokienduc optimizationofextractionparametersandantihyperglycemicassessmentofstandardizedextractfromsantalumalbumlleaves AT leminhquan optimizationofextractionparametersandantihyperglycemicassessmentofstandardizedextractfromsantalumalbumlleaves |