Nanoscale investigations of complex microbial interactions with terrestrial and extraterrestrial minerals using STEM based approach: implications for life on Earth and beyond

Our recent investigations using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) based approach address tungsten-microbial interactions as a microbial strategy to withstand harsh environments, microbial metal extraction capacities for bioleaching/biomining operations, astrobiological implication of...

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Main Authors: Tetyana Milojevic, Mihaela Albu, Ilse Letofsky-Papst, Artem Mashchenko
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvc.2025.1581103/full
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author Tetyana Milojevic
Mihaela Albu
Ilse Letofsky-Papst
Artem Mashchenko
author_facet Tetyana Milojevic
Mihaela Albu
Ilse Letofsky-Papst
Artem Mashchenko
author_sort Tetyana Milojevic
collection DOAJ
description Our recent investigations using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) based approach address tungsten-microbial interactions as a microbial strategy to withstand harsh environments, microbial metal extraction capacities for bioleaching/biomining operations, astrobiological implication of microbial-mineral interactions, and Mars-relevant biosignatures as traces of life that can be detected in the physicochemical conditions beyond Earth. By means of STEM based nanoscale resolution ultrastructural studies coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), we have investigated remarkable metal redox events and unique ultrastructural features of the mineral-microbial interfaces with regard to the mechanisms of mineral biotransformation mediated by various chemolithoautotrophs; the subcellular localization of metal incorporation and binding sites; the chemical nature of the metal complexes formed at the microbe-mineral interfaces; and biomineral patterns formed during the biotransformation of terrestrial minerals and astromaterials. Our results indicate that microbial cells form a robust, metal-bearing cell crust that may help microorganisms withstand harsh environments and serve as potential biosignature for the search of life. During the biomineralization of the microbial cell surface with tungsten, a tungsten-encrusted layer with a thickness of 37 ± 7 nm and a W content of 76.3% (Wt) was formed around the Metallosphaera sedula cells. When cultivated on the genuine Noachian Martian breccia Northwest Africa (NWA) 7,034, M. sedula cells were encrusted in a mineral layer of 28 ± 2 nm thickness and a P, Fe, Mn, and Al content of 9.62% (Wt), 11.65% (Wt), 4.29% (Wt), and 2.82% (Wt), respectively. During these investigations, we have developed an efficient combined approach of microbiology, wet chemistry and STEM based spectroscopy nanoanalysis. This work highlights the biologically-mediated processing of (extra)terrestrial materials, provides implications for natural samples and biotechnological processes, and represents a special interest for space exploration missions.
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spelling doaj-art-7542998df2664318aea6905d4d3e5f0a2025-08-20T02:23:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry2673-44862025-06-01610.3389/fenvc.2025.15811031581103Nanoscale investigations of complex microbial interactions with terrestrial and extraterrestrial minerals using STEM based approach: implications for life on Earth and beyondTetyana Milojevic0Mihaela Albu1Ilse Letofsky-Papst2Artem Mashchenko3Exobiology Group, CNRS-Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, University of Orléans, Orléans, FranceInstitute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Centre for Electron Microscopy, Graz University of Technology, Graz, AustriaInstitute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Centre for Electron Microscopy, Graz University of Technology, Graz, AustriaExobiology Group, CNRS-Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, University of Orléans, Orléans, FranceOur recent investigations using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) based approach address tungsten-microbial interactions as a microbial strategy to withstand harsh environments, microbial metal extraction capacities for bioleaching/biomining operations, astrobiological implication of microbial-mineral interactions, and Mars-relevant biosignatures as traces of life that can be detected in the physicochemical conditions beyond Earth. By means of STEM based nanoscale resolution ultrastructural studies coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), we have investigated remarkable metal redox events and unique ultrastructural features of the mineral-microbial interfaces with regard to the mechanisms of mineral biotransformation mediated by various chemolithoautotrophs; the subcellular localization of metal incorporation and binding sites; the chemical nature of the metal complexes formed at the microbe-mineral interfaces; and biomineral patterns formed during the biotransformation of terrestrial minerals and astromaterials. Our results indicate that microbial cells form a robust, metal-bearing cell crust that may help microorganisms withstand harsh environments and serve as potential biosignature for the search of life. During the biomineralization of the microbial cell surface with tungsten, a tungsten-encrusted layer with a thickness of 37 ± 7 nm and a W content of 76.3% (Wt) was formed around the Metallosphaera sedula cells. When cultivated on the genuine Noachian Martian breccia Northwest Africa (NWA) 7,034, M. sedula cells were encrusted in a mineral layer of 28 ± 2 nm thickness and a P, Fe, Mn, and Al content of 9.62% (Wt), 11.65% (Wt), 4.29% (Wt), and 2.82% (Wt), respectively. During these investigations, we have developed an efficient combined approach of microbiology, wet chemistry and STEM based spectroscopy nanoanalysis. This work highlights the biologically-mediated processing of (extra)terrestrial materials, provides implications for natural samples and biotechnological processes, and represents a special interest for space exploration missions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvc.2025.1581103/fullchemolithoautotrophsmicrobial-mineral interactionstransmission scanning electron microscopyEDSEELSMars and meteorites
spellingShingle Tetyana Milojevic
Mihaela Albu
Ilse Letofsky-Papst
Artem Mashchenko
Nanoscale investigations of complex microbial interactions with terrestrial and extraterrestrial minerals using STEM based approach: implications for life on Earth and beyond
Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry
chemolithoautotrophs
microbial-mineral interactions
transmission scanning electron microscopy
EDS
EELS
Mars and meteorites
title Nanoscale investigations of complex microbial interactions with terrestrial and extraterrestrial minerals using STEM based approach: implications for life on Earth and beyond
title_full Nanoscale investigations of complex microbial interactions with terrestrial and extraterrestrial minerals using STEM based approach: implications for life on Earth and beyond
title_fullStr Nanoscale investigations of complex microbial interactions with terrestrial and extraterrestrial minerals using STEM based approach: implications for life on Earth and beyond
title_full_unstemmed Nanoscale investigations of complex microbial interactions with terrestrial and extraterrestrial minerals using STEM based approach: implications for life on Earth and beyond
title_short Nanoscale investigations of complex microbial interactions with terrestrial and extraterrestrial minerals using STEM based approach: implications for life on Earth and beyond
title_sort nanoscale investigations of complex microbial interactions with terrestrial and extraterrestrial minerals using stem based approach implications for life on earth and beyond
topic chemolithoautotrophs
microbial-mineral interactions
transmission scanning electron microscopy
EDS
EELS
Mars and meteorites
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvc.2025.1581103/full
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