The choice of blood transfusion strategy in severe traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of long-term disability, especially among young and middle-aged people. One of the main directions of treatment for patients with TBI is to prevent the development of secondary brain damage due to systemic dysfunction. Anemia occupies an...

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Main Authors: D. V. Oleniuk, O. V. Tsarov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University 2024-07-01
Series:Zaporožskij Medicinskij Žurnal
Subjects:
Online Access:http://zmj.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/299531/300166
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author D. V. Oleniuk
O. V. Tsarov
author_facet D. V. Oleniuk
O. V. Tsarov
author_sort D. V. Oleniuk
collection DOAJ
description Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of long-term disability, especially among young and middle-aged people. One of the main directions of treatment for patients with TBI is to prevent the development of secondary brain damage due to systemic dysfunction. Anemia occupies an important place among them. Anemia is considered a marker of illness severity in critically ill patients and is included in the list of parameters for risk prediction in intensive care units. However, the relationship between anemia and adverse outcomes in patients with TBI is controversial. Aim. The purpose of the work is to analyze the effect of anemia on the course of severe TBI, to determine the position of anemia in the pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage, the development of blood transfusion-associated complications, to evaluate different blood transfusion strategies (liberal and restrictive) and their impact on treatment results, taking into account individual tolerance to anemia. Studies suggest that the restrictive transfusion strategy could be useful in reducing complications and length of hospital stay. However, the lack of clear evidence for optimal hemoglobin levels as a trigger to initiate blood transfusions reinforces the need for further clinical studies. The use of multimodal neuromonitoring allows to evaluate the latest approaches to assessing individual hemoglobin thresholds. These methods could help in identifying patients at increased risk of complications and determining optimal strategies to manage anemia. Conclusions. The problem of tolerance to anemia in patients with severe TBI remains a controversial topic, and determining hemoglobin thresholds for blood transfusion in this group of patients requires further studies, special attention should therefore be paid to an individual approach to resolving the issue of red blood cell transfusion, in particular, integrating clinical status of a patient and concomitant pathology. The risk of possible brain damage worsening associated with anemia due to deterioration of cerebral oxygenation should always be weighed against the risk of developing transfusion-associated complications.
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spelling doaj-art-7528a1a36d2a4e30843331d0c979607e2025-08-20T01:57:59ZengZaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityZaporožskij Medicinskij Žurnal2306-41452310-12102024-07-01264313317https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2024.4.299531The choice of blood transfusion strategy in severe traumatic brain injuryD. V. Oleniuk0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4596-9636O. V. Tsarov1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2611-604XDnipro State Medical University, UkraineDnipro State Medical University, UkraineTraumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of long-term disability, especially among young and middle-aged people. One of the main directions of treatment for patients with TBI is to prevent the development of secondary brain damage due to systemic dysfunction. Anemia occupies an important place among them. Anemia is considered a marker of illness severity in critically ill patients and is included in the list of parameters for risk prediction in intensive care units. However, the relationship between anemia and adverse outcomes in patients with TBI is controversial. Aim. The purpose of the work is to analyze the effect of anemia on the course of severe TBI, to determine the position of anemia in the pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage, the development of blood transfusion-associated complications, to evaluate different blood transfusion strategies (liberal and restrictive) and their impact on treatment results, taking into account individual tolerance to anemia. Studies suggest that the restrictive transfusion strategy could be useful in reducing complications and length of hospital stay. However, the lack of clear evidence for optimal hemoglobin levels as a trigger to initiate blood transfusions reinforces the need for further clinical studies. The use of multimodal neuromonitoring allows to evaluate the latest approaches to assessing individual hemoglobin thresholds. These methods could help in identifying patients at increased risk of complications and determining optimal strategies to manage anemia. Conclusions. The problem of tolerance to anemia in patients with severe TBI remains a controversial topic, and determining hemoglobin thresholds for blood transfusion in this group of patients requires further studies, special attention should therefore be paid to an individual approach to resolving the issue of red blood cell transfusion, in particular, integrating clinical status of a patient and concomitant pathology. The risk of possible brain damage worsening associated with anemia due to deterioration of cerebral oxygenation should always be weighed against the risk of developing transfusion-associated complications.http://zmj.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/299531/300166traumatic brain injuryblood transfusionanemiaintensive care
spellingShingle D. V. Oleniuk
O. V. Tsarov
The choice of blood transfusion strategy in severe traumatic brain injury
Zaporožskij Medicinskij Žurnal
traumatic brain injury
blood transfusion
anemia
intensive care
title The choice of blood transfusion strategy in severe traumatic brain injury
title_full The choice of blood transfusion strategy in severe traumatic brain injury
title_fullStr The choice of blood transfusion strategy in severe traumatic brain injury
title_full_unstemmed The choice of blood transfusion strategy in severe traumatic brain injury
title_short The choice of blood transfusion strategy in severe traumatic brain injury
title_sort choice of blood transfusion strategy in severe traumatic brain injury
topic traumatic brain injury
blood transfusion
anemia
intensive care
url http://zmj.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/299531/300166
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