Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Growth Performance, Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Function, and Bile Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Weaned Piglets Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide
This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary proanthocyanidins (PACs) on growth performance, intestinal inflammation and barrier function, and bile acid metabolism-related genes in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 18 21-day-old castrated piglets (7.16 ± 1....
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2025-06-01
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| author | Aiying Yu Zhenjiang Wang Sutian Wang Weiguo Zhao Lian Chen Dan Wang Zhiyi Li Yuan Wang Zhengfeng Fang Sen Lin |
| author_facet | Aiying Yu Zhenjiang Wang Sutian Wang Weiguo Zhao Lian Chen Dan Wang Zhiyi Li Yuan Wang Zhengfeng Fang Sen Lin |
| author_sort | Aiying Yu |
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| description | This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary proanthocyanidins (PACs) on growth performance, intestinal inflammation and barrier function, and bile acid metabolism-related genes in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 18 21-day-old castrated piglets (7.16 ± 1.66 kg) were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) CON (a basal diet), (2) LPS (a basal diet + LPS), (3) LPS + PAC (a basal diet + LPS + 250 mg/kg PAC), with each group consisting of six replicates of 1 piglet per treatment. The study lasted for 21 days. On the 14th and 21st days of the experiment, piglets in the LPS and LPS + PAC groups received an intraperitoneal injection of 100 µg/kg body weight of LPS, while the piglets in the CON group received an injection of 0.9% normal saline solution. The LPS + PAC group exhibited a significantly higher average daily gain (ADG) than the LPS group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). LPS stimulation resulted in a decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) villus height of the jejunum and ileum and an increased number of goblet cells. These effects were alleviated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the LPS + PAC group. The LPS + PAC group decreased the level of TNF-α and D-lactate in serum and the gene expression of <i>IL-6</i> and <i>IL-1β</i> in the ileal tissue, compared with the LPS group, while increasing the gene expression of <i>Occludin</i> and <i>ZO-1</i> in the ileal tissue (<i>p</i> < 0.05). LPS stimulation down-regulated the expression of genes regulating bile acid synthesis and transport, including hepatic <i>CYP7A1</i> and ileum <i>ASBT</i>, whereas dietary PAC had no significant effect on the expression of these genes (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Nevertheless, supplementation with PAC significantly increased the expression levels of <i>GLP-2R</i>, <i>GCG</i>, and <i>TGR5</i> in the ileum of piglets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, piglets in the LPS + PAC group exhibited a significant increase in the level of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) compared with the LPS group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). PAC generally improves the ADG, intestinal morphology, and intestinal barrier function of piglets by activating TGR5 to stimulate the intestinal secretion of GLP-2. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-7519bda9e9b04bc1919ee5d1e64994df2025-08-20T03:17:04ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-06-011513182610.3390/ani15131826Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Growth Performance, Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Function, and Bile Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Weaned Piglets Challenged with LipopolysaccharideAiying Yu0Zhenjiang Wang1Sutian Wang2Weiguo Zhao3Lian Chen4Dan Wang5Zhiyi Li6Yuan Wang7Zhengfeng Fang8Sen Lin9Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaKey Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaThis study aims to investigate the effects of dietary proanthocyanidins (PACs) on growth performance, intestinal inflammation and barrier function, and bile acid metabolism-related genes in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 18 21-day-old castrated piglets (7.16 ± 1.66 kg) were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) CON (a basal diet), (2) LPS (a basal diet + LPS), (3) LPS + PAC (a basal diet + LPS + 250 mg/kg PAC), with each group consisting of six replicates of 1 piglet per treatment. The study lasted for 21 days. On the 14th and 21st days of the experiment, piglets in the LPS and LPS + PAC groups received an intraperitoneal injection of 100 µg/kg body weight of LPS, while the piglets in the CON group received an injection of 0.9% normal saline solution. The LPS + PAC group exhibited a significantly higher average daily gain (ADG) than the LPS group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). LPS stimulation resulted in a decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) villus height of the jejunum and ileum and an increased number of goblet cells. These effects were alleviated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the LPS + PAC group. The LPS + PAC group decreased the level of TNF-α and D-lactate in serum and the gene expression of <i>IL-6</i> and <i>IL-1β</i> in the ileal tissue, compared with the LPS group, while increasing the gene expression of <i>Occludin</i> and <i>ZO-1</i> in the ileal tissue (<i>p</i> < 0.05). LPS stimulation down-regulated the expression of genes regulating bile acid synthesis and transport, including hepatic <i>CYP7A1</i> and ileum <i>ASBT</i>, whereas dietary PAC had no significant effect on the expression of these genes (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Nevertheless, supplementation with PAC significantly increased the expression levels of <i>GLP-2R</i>, <i>GCG</i>, and <i>TGR5</i> in the ileum of piglets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, piglets in the LPS + PAC group exhibited a significant increase in the level of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) compared with the LPS group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). PAC generally improves the ADG, intestinal morphology, and intestinal barrier function of piglets by activating TGR5 to stimulate the intestinal secretion of GLP-2.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/13/1826proanthocyanidinsweaned pigletsgrowth performanceintestinal inflammationbarrier functionbile acid |
| spellingShingle | Aiying Yu Zhenjiang Wang Sutian Wang Weiguo Zhao Lian Chen Dan Wang Zhiyi Li Yuan Wang Zhengfeng Fang Sen Lin Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Growth Performance, Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Function, and Bile Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Weaned Piglets Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide Animals proanthocyanidins weaned piglets growth performance intestinal inflammation barrier function bile acid |
| title | Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Growth Performance, Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Function, and Bile Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Weaned Piglets Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide |
| title_full | Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Growth Performance, Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Function, and Bile Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Weaned Piglets Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Growth Performance, Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Function, and Bile Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Weaned Piglets Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Growth Performance, Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Function, and Bile Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Weaned Piglets Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide |
| title_short | Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Growth Performance, Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Function, and Bile Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Weaned Piglets Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide |
| title_sort | effects of proanthocyanidins on growth performance intestinal inflammation and barrier function and bile acid metabolism related genes in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide |
| topic | proanthocyanidins weaned piglets growth performance intestinal inflammation barrier function bile acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/13/1826 |
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