Efficient Multi-Target Localization Using Dynamic UAV Clusters

This paper proposes a dynamic unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) clustering model for multi-target localization in complex 3D environments, where mobility-aware cluster formation is integrated to enhance collaborative localization accuracy. We derive the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) for localization per...

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Main Authors: Wei Gong, Shuhan Lou, Liyuan Deng, Peng Yi, Yiguang Hong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2857
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author Wei Gong
Shuhan Lou
Liyuan Deng
Peng Yi
Yiguang Hong
author_facet Wei Gong
Shuhan Lou
Liyuan Deng
Peng Yi
Yiguang Hong
author_sort Wei Gong
collection DOAJ
description This paper proposes a dynamic unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) clustering model for multi-target localization in complex 3D environments, where mobility-aware cluster formation is integrated to enhance collaborative localization accuracy. We derive the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) for localization performance analysis under measurement and motion-induced uncertainties. To solve the NP-hard clustering problem, we develop the MDQPSO-ASA algorithm, which combines multi-swarm discrete quantum-inspired particle swarm optimization with adaptive simulated annealing, incorporating a repair mechanism to satisfy spatial and cardinality constraints. Simulation results demonstrate the algorithm’s superiority in localization accuracy, computational efficiency, and adaptability to varying UAV/target scales compared to baseline methods. The developed algorithm provides an effective solution for resource-constrained collaborative localization tasks in practical scenarios.
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institution OA Journals
issn 1424-8220
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-750ef0ae24d9400f944ca1a7e58f63fa2025-08-20T02:24:58ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01259285710.3390/s25092857Efficient Multi-Target Localization Using Dynamic UAV ClustersWei Gong0Shuhan Lou1Liyuan Deng2Peng Yi3Yiguang Hong4Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaDepartment of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaDepartment of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaDepartment of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaDepartment of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaThis paper proposes a dynamic unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) clustering model for multi-target localization in complex 3D environments, where mobility-aware cluster formation is integrated to enhance collaborative localization accuracy. We derive the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) for localization performance analysis under measurement and motion-induced uncertainties. To solve the NP-hard clustering problem, we develop the MDQPSO-ASA algorithm, which combines multi-swarm discrete quantum-inspired particle swarm optimization with adaptive simulated annealing, incorporating a repair mechanism to satisfy spatial and cardinality constraints. Simulation results demonstrate the algorithm’s superiority in localization accuracy, computational efficiency, and adaptability to varying UAV/target scales compared to baseline methods. The developed algorithm provides an effective solution for resource-constrained collaborative localization tasks in practical scenarios.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2857multi-target localizationclustered UAV systemscombinatorial optimizationdynamic clusteringquantum-inspired optimization
spellingShingle Wei Gong
Shuhan Lou
Liyuan Deng
Peng Yi
Yiguang Hong
Efficient Multi-Target Localization Using Dynamic UAV Clusters
Sensors
multi-target localization
clustered UAV systems
combinatorial optimization
dynamic clustering
quantum-inspired optimization
title Efficient Multi-Target Localization Using Dynamic UAV Clusters
title_full Efficient Multi-Target Localization Using Dynamic UAV Clusters
title_fullStr Efficient Multi-Target Localization Using Dynamic UAV Clusters
title_full_unstemmed Efficient Multi-Target Localization Using Dynamic UAV Clusters
title_short Efficient Multi-Target Localization Using Dynamic UAV Clusters
title_sort efficient multi target localization using dynamic uav clusters
topic multi-target localization
clustered UAV systems
combinatorial optimization
dynamic clustering
quantum-inspired optimization
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2857
work_keys_str_mv AT weigong efficientmultitargetlocalizationusingdynamicuavclusters
AT shuhanlou efficientmultitargetlocalizationusingdynamicuavclusters
AT liyuandeng efficientmultitargetlocalizationusingdynamicuavclusters
AT pengyi efficientmultitargetlocalizationusingdynamicuavclusters
AT yiguanghong efficientmultitargetlocalizationusingdynamicuavclusters