Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oils and Extracts of the Water-Steam Distillation Residues from Greek Herbs on Adherent Biofilm Formation by Common Pathogens
Biofilms pose a major challenge to the food industry, as they develop on both biotic and abiotic surfaces and contribute to the persistence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of <i>Satureja thymbra</i>, <i>Thymus capi...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Gregoria Mitropoulou Ioanna Karapantzou Dimitris Tsimogiannis Vassiliki Oreopoulou Veronica Lazăr Yiannis Kourkoutas |
| author_facet | Gregoria Mitropoulou Ioanna Karapantzou Dimitris Tsimogiannis Vassiliki Oreopoulou Veronica Lazăr Yiannis Kourkoutas |
| author_sort | Gregoria Mitropoulou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biofilms pose a major challenge to the food industry, as they develop on both biotic and abiotic surfaces and contribute to the persistence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of <i>Satureja thymbra</i>, <i>Thymus capitatus</i>, and <i>Origanum hirtum</i> essential oils (EOs), their main components (thymol, carvacrol, <i>p</i>-cymene, and <i>γ</i>-terpinene), and ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of the water-steam distillation residue of <i>T. capitatus</i> (WSTRTc). Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values of EOs and WSTRTc extracts ranged from 0.6 to 56.8 mg/mL. The corresponding MIC values of the main components ranged in lower values (0.5–2.4 mg/mL). Minimum Biofilm Inhibition Concentration (MBIC) and Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) were also determined. MBIC values for the EOs ranged from 0.6 to 4.7 mg/mL against biofilms of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, and <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis. Significant antibiofilm activity at concentrations > 61 mg/mL and > 20 mg/mL was recorded by the ethanolic and ethyl acetate WSTRTc extracts, respectively, but no activity against <i>L. monocytogenes</i> and <i>P. mirabilis</i> biofilms was documented. These findings highlighted the efficacy of EOs and extracts derived from Greek herbs, suggesting their application in the food and pharmaceutical industry as natural antimicrobials and biofilm inhibitors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-74cb6aa00a5d4600bd4827c6a99545cc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-74cb6aa00a5d4600bd4827c6a99545cc2025-08-20T02:42:35ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01156338510.3390/app15063385Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oils and Extracts of the Water-Steam Distillation Residues from Greek Herbs on Adherent Biofilm Formation by Common PathogensGregoria Mitropoulou0Ioanna Karapantzou1Dimitris Tsimogiannis2Vassiliki Oreopoulou3Veronica Lazăr4Yiannis Kourkoutas5Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, GreeceLaboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, GreeceLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, RomaniaLaboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 681 00 Alexandroupolis, GreeceBiofilms pose a major challenge to the food industry, as they develop on both biotic and abiotic surfaces and contribute to the persistence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of <i>Satureja thymbra</i>, <i>Thymus capitatus</i>, and <i>Origanum hirtum</i> essential oils (EOs), their main components (thymol, carvacrol, <i>p</i>-cymene, and <i>γ</i>-terpinene), and ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of the water-steam distillation residue of <i>T. capitatus</i> (WSTRTc). Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values of EOs and WSTRTc extracts ranged from 0.6 to 56.8 mg/mL. The corresponding MIC values of the main components ranged in lower values (0.5–2.4 mg/mL). Minimum Biofilm Inhibition Concentration (MBIC) and Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) were also determined. MBIC values for the EOs ranged from 0.6 to 4.7 mg/mL against biofilms of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, and <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis. Significant antibiofilm activity at concentrations > 61 mg/mL and > 20 mg/mL was recorded by the ethanolic and ethyl acetate WSTRTc extracts, respectively, but no activity against <i>L. monocytogenes</i> and <i>P. mirabilis</i> biofilms was documented. These findings highlighted the efficacy of EOs and extracts derived from Greek herbs, suggesting their application in the food and pharmaceutical industry as natural antimicrobials and biofilm inhibitors.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3385antibiofilm activitypathogenic bacteria<i>S. thymbra</i><i>T. capitatus</i><i>O. hirtum</i> |
| spellingShingle | Gregoria Mitropoulou Ioanna Karapantzou Dimitris Tsimogiannis Vassiliki Oreopoulou Veronica Lazăr Yiannis Kourkoutas Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oils and Extracts of the Water-Steam Distillation Residues from Greek Herbs on Adherent Biofilm Formation by Common Pathogens Applied Sciences antibiofilm activity pathogenic bacteria <i>S. thymbra</i> <i>T. capitatus</i> <i>O. hirtum</i> |
| title | Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oils and Extracts of the Water-Steam Distillation Residues from Greek Herbs on Adherent Biofilm Formation by Common Pathogens |
| title_full | Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oils and Extracts of the Water-Steam Distillation Residues from Greek Herbs on Adherent Biofilm Formation by Common Pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oils and Extracts of the Water-Steam Distillation Residues from Greek Herbs on Adherent Biofilm Formation by Common Pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oils and Extracts of the Water-Steam Distillation Residues from Greek Herbs on Adherent Biofilm Formation by Common Pathogens |
| title_short | Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oils and Extracts of the Water-Steam Distillation Residues from Greek Herbs on Adherent Biofilm Formation by Common Pathogens |
| title_sort | inhibitory effects of essential oils and extracts of the water steam distillation residues from greek herbs on adherent biofilm formation by common pathogens |
| topic | antibiofilm activity pathogenic bacteria <i>S. thymbra</i> <i>T. capitatus</i> <i>O. hirtum</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3385 |
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