DYRK1A in blood and immune function: implications in leukemia, inflammatory disorders, infection and Down syndrome
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent autosomal aneuploidy, and it arises due to an extra copy of human chromosome 21. Individuals with trisomy 21 (T21) exhibit an increased predisposition towards a wide number of developmental and physiological alterations, often referred to as DS co-occurring co...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1587089/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849688870045614080 |
|---|---|
| author | Esteban J. Rozen Robin D. Dowell Robin D. Dowell Mary A. Allen |
| author_facet | Esteban J. Rozen Robin D. Dowell Robin D. Dowell Mary A. Allen |
| author_sort | Esteban J. Rozen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent autosomal aneuploidy, and it arises due to an extra copy of human chromosome 21. Individuals with trisomy 21 (T21) exhibit an increased predisposition towards a wide number of developmental and physiological alterations, often referred to as DS co-occurring conditions, including congenital heart disease, leukemia, intellectual disability, neurodegenerative disorders or autoimmune diseases, among many others. The overexpression of several genes encoded on chromosome 21 have been linked to many of such T21-associated disorders, but we are still very far from grasping a full picture of the contributions and interconnections of such genes in the pathophysiology of DS. DYRK1A is a versatile and ubiquitous kinase encoded on human chromosome 21, and as such, its activity has been linked to many alterations that characterize DS. Although most of the attention has been focused on DYRK1A’s roles in neural development, function and degeneration, accumulating reports are expanding the scope towards other tissues and conditions where this kinase also performs critical functions, such as the cardiovascular system, diabetes, inflammation and immune homeostasis. Here, we present a detailed review of the literature summarizing all the information linking DYRK1A to blood and immune function, as well as leukemia, inflammation and viral infections, with a special focus on their potential associations to T21. This article synthesizes evidence that supports several novel hypotheses on previously unsuspected roles for DYRK1A in specific DS alterations, opening new pathways for the research community to explore and therefore, contributing to future innovative diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. This article will hopefully inspire and guide the advancement of our knowledge leading to much needed treatments for individuals with Down syndrome, but also for the general population. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-74c756d8001248e6b6cd668080bd78ec |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-74c756d8001248e6b6cd668080bd78ec2025-08-20T03:21:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2025-05-011310.3389/fcell.2025.15870891587089DYRK1A in blood and immune function: implications in leukemia, inflammatory disorders, infection and Down syndromeEsteban J. Rozen0Robin D. Dowell1Robin D. Dowell2Mary A. Allen3Crnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United StatesCrnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United StatesDepartment of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United StatesCrnic Institute Boulder Branch, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United StatesDown syndrome (DS) is the most frequent autosomal aneuploidy, and it arises due to an extra copy of human chromosome 21. Individuals with trisomy 21 (T21) exhibit an increased predisposition towards a wide number of developmental and physiological alterations, often referred to as DS co-occurring conditions, including congenital heart disease, leukemia, intellectual disability, neurodegenerative disorders or autoimmune diseases, among many others. The overexpression of several genes encoded on chromosome 21 have been linked to many of such T21-associated disorders, but we are still very far from grasping a full picture of the contributions and interconnections of such genes in the pathophysiology of DS. DYRK1A is a versatile and ubiquitous kinase encoded on human chromosome 21, and as such, its activity has been linked to many alterations that characterize DS. Although most of the attention has been focused on DYRK1A’s roles in neural development, function and degeneration, accumulating reports are expanding the scope towards other tissues and conditions where this kinase also performs critical functions, such as the cardiovascular system, diabetes, inflammation and immune homeostasis. Here, we present a detailed review of the literature summarizing all the information linking DYRK1A to blood and immune function, as well as leukemia, inflammation and viral infections, with a special focus on their potential associations to T21. This article synthesizes evidence that supports several novel hypotheses on previously unsuspected roles for DYRK1A in specific DS alterations, opening new pathways for the research community to explore and therefore, contributing to future innovative diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. This article will hopefully inspire and guide the advancement of our knowledge leading to much needed treatments for individuals with Down syndrome, but also for the general population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1587089/fulltrisomy 21Down syndromeDYRK1Ablood and immune functionleukemiainflammation |
| spellingShingle | Esteban J. Rozen Robin D. Dowell Robin D. Dowell Mary A. Allen DYRK1A in blood and immune function: implications in leukemia, inflammatory disorders, infection and Down syndrome Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology trisomy 21 Down syndrome DYRK1A blood and immune function leukemia inflammation |
| title | DYRK1A in blood and immune function: implications in leukemia, inflammatory disorders, infection and Down syndrome |
| title_full | DYRK1A in blood and immune function: implications in leukemia, inflammatory disorders, infection and Down syndrome |
| title_fullStr | DYRK1A in blood and immune function: implications in leukemia, inflammatory disorders, infection and Down syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | DYRK1A in blood and immune function: implications in leukemia, inflammatory disorders, infection and Down syndrome |
| title_short | DYRK1A in blood and immune function: implications in leukemia, inflammatory disorders, infection and Down syndrome |
| title_sort | dyrk1a in blood and immune function implications in leukemia inflammatory disorders infection and down syndrome |
| topic | trisomy 21 Down syndrome DYRK1A blood and immune function leukemia inflammation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1587089/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT estebanjrozen dyrk1ainbloodandimmunefunctionimplicationsinleukemiainflammatorydisordersinfectionanddownsyndrome AT robinddowell dyrk1ainbloodandimmunefunctionimplicationsinleukemiainflammatorydisordersinfectionanddownsyndrome AT robinddowell dyrk1ainbloodandimmunefunctionimplicationsinleukemiainflammatorydisordersinfectionanddownsyndrome AT maryaallen dyrk1ainbloodandimmunefunctionimplicationsinleukemiainflammatorydisordersinfectionanddownsyndrome |