The Etiology, Assessment and Treatment of Compulsive Checking: A Review

Sisi Guo, Mina Yadegar, Helen Khaw, Susanna Chang UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USACorrespondence: Sisi Guo, Email sisiguo@mednet.ucla.eduAbstract: Checking is the most reported compulsion of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), impacting 80% of individua...

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Main Authors: Guo S, Yadegar M, Khaw H, Chang S
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Dove Medical Press 2025-05-01
Series:Psychology Research and Behavior Management
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Online Access:https://www.dovepress.com/the-etiology-assessment-and-treatment-of-compulsive-checking-a-review-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PRBM
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author Guo S
Yadegar M
Khaw H
Chang S
author_facet Guo S
Yadegar M
Khaw H
Chang S
author_sort Guo S
collection DOAJ
description Sisi Guo, Mina Yadegar, Helen Khaw, Susanna Chang UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USACorrespondence: Sisi Guo, Email sisiguo@mednet.ucla.eduAbstract: Checking is the most reported compulsion of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), impacting 80% of individuals with the psychiatric condition. In this narrative review, we describe the theoretical conceptualization and empirical research of compulsive checking to highlight advancements and limitations in our current understanding of OCD. In terms of etiology, research shows that anxiety, uncertainty and inflated responsibility elicit checking, which in turn negatively impact memory confidence and higher-level cognitive functions. In addition, compulsive checking is linked to altered neural activities in the brain’s subcortical regions. Although these studies have their methodological limitations, they collectively highlight the behavioral, cognitive and neurobiological underpinnings of OCD. In terms of assessment of compulsions such as checking, there is a suite of empirically validated tools that range from standardized diagnostic interviews to self-report measures. Recent innovations also include experimental and technology-assisted assessment tools. Finally, in terms of treatment, Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is the most empirically supported intervention for OCD that is supported by habituation and inhibitory learning models. There is preliminary support for cognitive therapy to target specific symptoms such as compulsive checking. However, more rigorous testing is warranted to determine its efficacy and mechanism of change.Keywords: checking, OCD, exposure and response prevention, neurobiological, cognitive behavioral
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spelling doaj-art-74c4e44f21884c17bd4ed0c834cc35492025-08-20T03:29:49ZengDove Medical PressPsychology Research and Behavior Management1179-15782025-05-01Volume 18Issue 112531268103377The Etiology, Assessment and Treatment of Compulsive Checking: A ReviewGuo S0Yadegar M1Khaw H2Chang S3Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorSisi Guo, Mina Yadegar, Helen Khaw, Susanna Chang UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USACorrespondence: Sisi Guo, Email sisiguo@mednet.ucla.eduAbstract: Checking is the most reported compulsion of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), impacting 80% of individuals with the psychiatric condition. In this narrative review, we describe the theoretical conceptualization and empirical research of compulsive checking to highlight advancements and limitations in our current understanding of OCD. In terms of etiology, research shows that anxiety, uncertainty and inflated responsibility elicit checking, which in turn negatively impact memory confidence and higher-level cognitive functions. In addition, compulsive checking is linked to altered neural activities in the brain’s subcortical regions. Although these studies have their methodological limitations, they collectively highlight the behavioral, cognitive and neurobiological underpinnings of OCD. In terms of assessment of compulsions such as checking, there is a suite of empirically validated tools that range from standardized diagnostic interviews to self-report measures. Recent innovations also include experimental and technology-assisted assessment tools. Finally, in terms of treatment, Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is the most empirically supported intervention for OCD that is supported by habituation and inhibitory learning models. There is preliminary support for cognitive therapy to target specific symptoms such as compulsive checking. However, more rigorous testing is warranted to determine its efficacy and mechanism of change.Keywords: checking, OCD, exposure and response prevention, neurobiological, cognitive behavioralhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-etiology-assessment-and-treatment-of-compulsive-checking-a-review-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PRBMCheckingOCDExposure and response preventionNeurobiologicalCognitive behavioral
spellingShingle Guo S
Yadegar M
Khaw H
Chang S
The Etiology, Assessment and Treatment of Compulsive Checking: A Review
Psychology Research and Behavior Management
Checking
OCD
Exposure and response prevention
Neurobiological
Cognitive behavioral
title The Etiology, Assessment and Treatment of Compulsive Checking: A Review
title_full The Etiology, Assessment and Treatment of Compulsive Checking: A Review
title_fullStr The Etiology, Assessment and Treatment of Compulsive Checking: A Review
title_full_unstemmed The Etiology, Assessment and Treatment of Compulsive Checking: A Review
title_short The Etiology, Assessment and Treatment of Compulsive Checking: A Review
title_sort etiology assessment and treatment of compulsive checking a review
topic Checking
OCD
Exposure and response prevention
Neurobiological
Cognitive behavioral
url https://www.dovepress.com/the-etiology-assessment-and-treatment-of-compulsive-checking-a-review-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PRBM
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