Costs estimation of three models of COVID-19 vaccination in Beijing, China

Since the emergency use authorization for the COVID-19 vaccine in 2021, the Chinese government has used three vaccination models: vaccination clinic, mass vaccination center, and door-to-door service. This study compared these three different models, focusing on costs, and implementation in each vac...

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Main Authors: Hongzeng Wang, Dan Zhao, Xiaomei Li, Luodan Suo, Li Lu, Zhujiazi Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Vaccine: X
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136225000105
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author Hongzeng Wang
Dan Zhao
Xiaomei Li
Luodan Suo
Li Lu
Zhujiazi Zhang
author_facet Hongzeng Wang
Dan Zhao
Xiaomei Li
Luodan Suo
Li Lu
Zhujiazi Zhang
author_sort Hongzeng Wang
collection DOAJ
description Since the emergency use authorization for the COVID-19 vaccine in 2021, the Chinese government has used three vaccination models: vaccination clinic, mass vaccination center, and door-to-door service. This study compared these three different models, focusing on costs, and implementation in each vaccination strategy. A cross-sectional study, conducted during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign from January 1 to 20, 2021, utilized a questionnaire to collect data on vaccination sites and conducted a random sample costs analysis of three models. Data on costs, including construction, materials, labor, and operations, were gathered through interviews and field surveys to understand resource utilization and personnel involvement in vaccination activities. Beijing's COVID-19 vaccination campaign involved 580 locations administering 1,829,324 doses. The numbers of vaccination clinics, mass vaccination centers, and door-to-door service were 233, 137, and 210. The total doses administered at vaccination clinics, mass vaccination centers, and door-to-door service numbered 465,721 (25.5 %), 991,444 (54.2 %), and 372,159 (20.3 %), respectively. The median daily doses administered at vaccination clinics, mass vaccination centers, and door-to-door service were 124, 453, and 540, respectively. The daily costs of the vaccination clinic, mass vaccination center, and door-to-door service were $4644.1, $22,746.5, and $4109.6, respectively, and the costs per dose were $12.9, $10.5, and $7.4, respectively. We concluded that there are significant variations in costs and efficiency across the three vaccination models. We must comprehensively consider the available regional resources, the target population for vaccination, the expected vaccination effect, and other factors to choose an appropriate vaccination model.
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spelling doaj-art-74c28c41fa8746c1b52cc54fe61ac8562025-08-20T02:19:22ZengElsevierVaccine: X2590-13622025-03-012310061610.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100616Costs estimation of three models of COVID-19 vaccination in Beijing, ChinaHongzeng Wang0Dan Zhao1Xiaomei Li2Luodan Suo3Li Lu4Zhujiazi Zhang5Hospital Administration Department, Beijing United Family Hospital, Beijing 100015, ChinaDepartment of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, ChinaDepartment of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, ChinaDepartment of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, ChinaDepartment of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, ChinaDepartment of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China; Corresponding author at: Department of Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, He Ping Li Zhong Jie No. 16, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100013, China.Since the emergency use authorization for the COVID-19 vaccine in 2021, the Chinese government has used three vaccination models: vaccination clinic, mass vaccination center, and door-to-door service. This study compared these three different models, focusing on costs, and implementation in each vaccination strategy. A cross-sectional study, conducted during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign from January 1 to 20, 2021, utilized a questionnaire to collect data on vaccination sites and conducted a random sample costs analysis of three models. Data on costs, including construction, materials, labor, and operations, were gathered through interviews and field surveys to understand resource utilization and personnel involvement in vaccination activities. Beijing's COVID-19 vaccination campaign involved 580 locations administering 1,829,324 doses. The numbers of vaccination clinics, mass vaccination centers, and door-to-door service were 233, 137, and 210. The total doses administered at vaccination clinics, mass vaccination centers, and door-to-door service numbered 465,721 (25.5 %), 991,444 (54.2 %), and 372,159 (20.3 %), respectively. The median daily doses administered at vaccination clinics, mass vaccination centers, and door-to-door service were 124, 453, and 540, respectively. The daily costs of the vaccination clinic, mass vaccination center, and door-to-door service were $4644.1, $22,746.5, and $4109.6, respectively, and the costs per dose were $12.9, $10.5, and $7.4, respectively. We concluded that there are significant variations in costs and efficiency across the three vaccination models. We must comprehensively consider the available regional resources, the target population for vaccination, the expected vaccination effect, and other factors to choose an appropriate vaccination model.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136225000105COVID-19Vaccination modelsCosts analysisMass vaccination
spellingShingle Hongzeng Wang
Dan Zhao
Xiaomei Li
Luodan Suo
Li Lu
Zhujiazi Zhang
Costs estimation of three models of COVID-19 vaccination in Beijing, China
Vaccine: X
COVID-19
Vaccination models
Costs analysis
Mass vaccination
title Costs estimation of three models of COVID-19 vaccination in Beijing, China
title_full Costs estimation of three models of COVID-19 vaccination in Beijing, China
title_fullStr Costs estimation of three models of COVID-19 vaccination in Beijing, China
title_full_unstemmed Costs estimation of three models of COVID-19 vaccination in Beijing, China
title_short Costs estimation of three models of COVID-19 vaccination in Beijing, China
title_sort costs estimation of three models of covid 19 vaccination in beijing china
topic COVID-19
Vaccination models
Costs analysis
Mass vaccination
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136225000105
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