Association between central thyroid hormone sensitivity and prediabetes: Tehran thyroid study

BackgroundThyroid hormone sensitivity indices represent a recently proposed clinical entity related to metabolic health outcomes. The link between thyroid hormone sensitivity and prediabetes is not clear. This population-based study investigated the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity in...

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Main Authors: Ladan Mehran, Mohammadjavad Honarvar, Maryam Tohidi, Maryam Adib, Fereidoun Azizi, Atieh Amouzegar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1534058/full
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author Ladan Mehran
Mohammadjavad Honarvar
Maryam Tohidi
Maryam Adib
Fereidoun Azizi
Atieh Amouzegar
author_facet Ladan Mehran
Mohammadjavad Honarvar
Maryam Tohidi
Maryam Adib
Fereidoun Azizi
Atieh Amouzegar
author_sort Ladan Mehran
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThyroid hormone sensitivity indices represent a recently proposed clinical entity related to metabolic health outcomes. The link between thyroid hormone sensitivity and prediabetes is not clear. This population-based study investigated the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity indices and prediabetes.MethodsAmong 5,783 participants over 20 years, after excluding those receiving thyroid medications or corticosteroid drugs, having thyroid surgery, having a history of cancer, pregnant women, and those with end-stage renal disease, 4,356 subjects were included in the study. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for prediabetes in the general and euthyroid population per 1-SD increase in thyroid hormone resistance indices (PFTQI, TSHI, and lnTT4RI) were reported with logistic regression models.ResultsOne SD increase in PTFQI was significantly associated with lower odds of prediabetes even after total adjustment (OR:0.88; 95%CI: 0.82–0.94). The association was observed in women, non-smokers, and those with negative anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. In the euthyroid subgroup, one SD increase in PTFQI, TSHI, and lnTT4RI showed lower odds of prediabetes and [PTFQI: 0.89 (95%CI: 0.83–0.97); TSHI: 0.83 (95%CI: 0.74–0.94); lnTT4RI: 0.83 (95%CI: 0.74–0.93)]. We also found a negative correlation between thyroid hormone sensitivity indices and fasting plasma glucose (PTFQI: r =-0.094, TSHI:-0.1, and lnTT4RI: r =-0.098) and 2-h post-challenge glucose (PTFQI: r =-0.096, TSHI:-0.054, and lnTT4RI: r =-0.031).ConclusionLower central sensitivity to thyroid hormone, as represented by increased TSHI, TT4RI, and PTFQI, is associated with a lower risk of prediabetes, even in euthyroid individuals.
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spelling doaj-art-74bf4c76ecb1498592efda56cb4bdc642025-08-20T02:07:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-06-011610.3389/fendo.2025.15340581534058Association between central thyroid hormone sensitivity and prediabetes: Tehran thyroid studyLadan Mehran0Mohammadjavad Honarvar1Maryam Tohidi2Maryam Adib3Fereidoun Azizi4Atieh Amouzegar5Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPrevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranEndocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranBackgroundThyroid hormone sensitivity indices represent a recently proposed clinical entity related to metabolic health outcomes. The link between thyroid hormone sensitivity and prediabetes is not clear. This population-based study investigated the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity indices and prediabetes.MethodsAmong 5,783 participants over 20 years, after excluding those receiving thyroid medications or corticosteroid drugs, having thyroid surgery, having a history of cancer, pregnant women, and those with end-stage renal disease, 4,356 subjects were included in the study. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for prediabetes in the general and euthyroid population per 1-SD increase in thyroid hormone resistance indices (PFTQI, TSHI, and lnTT4RI) were reported with logistic regression models.ResultsOne SD increase in PTFQI was significantly associated with lower odds of prediabetes even after total adjustment (OR:0.88; 95%CI: 0.82–0.94). The association was observed in women, non-smokers, and those with negative anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. In the euthyroid subgroup, one SD increase in PTFQI, TSHI, and lnTT4RI showed lower odds of prediabetes and [PTFQI: 0.89 (95%CI: 0.83–0.97); TSHI: 0.83 (95%CI: 0.74–0.94); lnTT4RI: 0.83 (95%CI: 0.74–0.93)]. We also found a negative correlation between thyroid hormone sensitivity indices and fasting plasma glucose (PTFQI: r =-0.094, TSHI:-0.1, and lnTT4RI: r =-0.098) and 2-h post-challenge glucose (PTFQI: r =-0.096, TSHI:-0.054, and lnTT4RI: r =-0.031).ConclusionLower central sensitivity to thyroid hormone, as represented by increased TSHI, TT4RI, and PTFQI, is associated with a lower risk of prediabetes, even in euthyroid individuals.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1534058/fullthyroid functionparametric thyroid feedback quantile-based indexthyroid hormone resistanceprediabetesthyroid-stimulating hormone indexthyrotrophic thyroxin resistance index
spellingShingle Ladan Mehran
Mohammadjavad Honarvar
Maryam Tohidi
Maryam Adib
Fereidoun Azizi
Atieh Amouzegar
Association between central thyroid hormone sensitivity and prediabetes: Tehran thyroid study
Frontiers in Endocrinology
thyroid function
parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index
thyroid hormone resistance
prediabetes
thyroid-stimulating hormone index
thyrotrophic thyroxin resistance index
title Association between central thyroid hormone sensitivity and prediabetes: Tehran thyroid study
title_full Association between central thyroid hormone sensitivity and prediabetes: Tehran thyroid study
title_fullStr Association between central thyroid hormone sensitivity and prediabetes: Tehran thyroid study
title_full_unstemmed Association between central thyroid hormone sensitivity and prediabetes: Tehran thyroid study
title_short Association between central thyroid hormone sensitivity and prediabetes: Tehran thyroid study
title_sort association between central thyroid hormone sensitivity and prediabetes tehran thyroid study
topic thyroid function
parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index
thyroid hormone resistance
prediabetes
thyroid-stimulating hormone index
thyrotrophic thyroxin resistance index
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1534058/full
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