An In Vitro Diacetylcurcumin Study for Periodontitis: A New Approach to Controlling Subgingival Biofilms

An In Vitro Diacetylcurcumin Study for Periodontitis: A New Approach to Controlling Subgingival Biofilms

<b>Background:</b> Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with dysbiotic biofilm, leading to the destruction of bone and periodontal ligament. Scaling and root planing (SRP) is the gold-standard treatment for PD, but some patients may not respond adequate...

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Main Authors: Valdo Antonio Aires da Silva, Bruno Bueno-Silva, Luciene Cristina Figueiredo, Tatiane Tiemi Macedo, Lucas Daylor Aguiar da Silva, Helio Chagas Chaves de Oliveira Junior, Carlos Roberto Polaquini, Luís Octávio Regasini, Janaina de Cássia Orlandi Sardi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Future Pharmacology
Subjects:
DAC
biofilm
periodontitis
toxicity
<i>Galleria mellonella</i>
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9879/5/2/19
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Summary:<b>Background:</b> Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with dysbiotic biofilm, leading to the destruction of bone and periodontal ligament. Scaling and root planing (SRP) is the gold-standard treatment for PD, but some patients may not respond adequately, necessitating adjunctive therapies. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of diacetylcurcumin (DAC), a modified curcumin, against multispecies subgingival biofilm associated with periodontitis. <b>Methods:</b> The biofilm, containing 40 bacterial species, was cultured for seven days in the Calgary apparatus. Treatments with DAC (200 μg/mL), 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), and a vehicle (control) were applied twice daily for 1 min, starting on the third day. On the seventh day, biofilms were analyzed for metabolic activity (MA) and bacterial counts via DNA-DNA hybridization. DAC toxicity was tested on <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae. <b>Results:</b> DAC reduced biofilm metabolic activity by 51%, while CHX achieved 88% reduction compared to the vehicle (<i>p</i> < 0.05). DAC also significantly decreased counts of key periodontal pathogens, including <i>P. gingivalis</i>, <i>T. forsythia</i>, <i>P. intermedia</i>, and <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At the tested concentration, DAC showed no toxicity in larvae. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that DAC effectively reduces biofilm activity and periodontal pathogen counts, presenting a promising adjunctive therapy for PD.
ISSN:2673-9879

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