Fluorescent–Electrochemical–Colorimetric Triple-Model Immunoassays with Multifunctional Metal–Organic Frameworks for Signal Amplification

Multimode immunoassays based on multiple response mechanisms have received great attention due to their capacity to effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of biosensing platforms. However, few strategies have been reported for triple-mode immunoassays due to the shortage of multifunctional...

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Main Authors: Ning Xia, Chuye Zheng, Gang Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Biosensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/6/376
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author Ning Xia
Chuye Zheng
Gang Liu
author_facet Ning Xia
Chuye Zheng
Gang Liu
author_sort Ning Xia
collection DOAJ
description Multimode immunoassays based on multiple response mechanisms have received great attention due to their capacity to effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of biosensing platforms. However, few strategies have been reported for triple-mode immunoassays due to the shortage of multifunctional sensing materials and the incompatibility of signal transduction methods in different detection modes. In this work, a fluorescent–electrochemical–colorimetric triple-mode immunoassay platform was proposed with Cu-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as the signal labels. The captured Cu-MOFs were successfully decomposed under an acidic condition, leading to the release of numerous Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions and 2-aminobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (NH<sub>2</sub>-BDC) ligands. The released NH<sub>2</sub>-BDC were determined by fluorescence titration. Meanwhile, the released Cu<sup>2+</sup> were readily quantified by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and simply detected through the catalytic oxidation of chromogenic substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Taking alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a model analyte, the designed triple-mode immunoassays showed good performances with the linear range of 10–200 pg/mL, 10–200 pg/mL, and 1–100 pg/mL for the fluorescent, electrochemical, and colorimetric modes, respectively. The proposed triple-mode biosensing platforms show great potential for the applications in disease diagnosis, since they can be easily extended to other bioassays by changing the targets and recognition elements.
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spelling doaj-art-74a9a19aee504ceaae2147dfdf6919b92025-08-20T02:24:18ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-06-0115637610.3390/bios15060376Fluorescent–Electrochemical–Colorimetric Triple-Model Immunoassays with Multifunctional Metal–Organic Frameworks for Signal AmplificationNing Xia0Chuye Zheng1Gang Liu2Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Opto-Electronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, ChinaHenan Province Key Laboratory of New Opto-Electronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, ChinaHenan Province Key Laboratory of New Opto-Electronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, ChinaMultimode immunoassays based on multiple response mechanisms have received great attention due to their capacity to effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of biosensing platforms. However, few strategies have been reported for triple-mode immunoassays due to the shortage of multifunctional sensing materials and the incompatibility of signal transduction methods in different detection modes. In this work, a fluorescent–electrochemical–colorimetric triple-mode immunoassay platform was proposed with Cu-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as the signal labels. The captured Cu-MOFs were successfully decomposed under an acidic condition, leading to the release of numerous Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions and 2-aminobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (NH<sub>2</sub>-BDC) ligands. The released NH<sub>2</sub>-BDC were determined by fluorescence titration. Meanwhile, the released Cu<sup>2+</sup> were readily quantified by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and simply detected through the catalytic oxidation of chromogenic substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Taking alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a model analyte, the designed triple-mode immunoassays showed good performances with the linear range of 10–200 pg/mL, 10–200 pg/mL, and 1–100 pg/mL for the fluorescent, electrochemical, and colorimetric modes, respectively. The proposed triple-mode biosensing platforms show great potential for the applications in disease diagnosis, since they can be easily extended to other bioassays by changing the targets and recognition elements.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/6/376triple-model immunoassaysmetal–organic frameworksfluorescence immunoassayelectrochemical immunoassaycolorimetric immunoassay
spellingShingle Ning Xia
Chuye Zheng
Gang Liu
Fluorescent–Electrochemical–Colorimetric Triple-Model Immunoassays with Multifunctional Metal–Organic Frameworks for Signal Amplification
Biosensors
triple-model immunoassays
metal–organic frameworks
fluorescence immunoassay
electrochemical immunoassay
colorimetric immunoassay
title Fluorescent–Electrochemical–Colorimetric Triple-Model Immunoassays with Multifunctional Metal–Organic Frameworks for Signal Amplification
title_full Fluorescent–Electrochemical–Colorimetric Triple-Model Immunoassays with Multifunctional Metal–Organic Frameworks for Signal Amplification
title_fullStr Fluorescent–Electrochemical–Colorimetric Triple-Model Immunoassays with Multifunctional Metal–Organic Frameworks for Signal Amplification
title_full_unstemmed Fluorescent–Electrochemical–Colorimetric Triple-Model Immunoassays with Multifunctional Metal–Organic Frameworks for Signal Amplification
title_short Fluorescent–Electrochemical–Colorimetric Triple-Model Immunoassays with Multifunctional Metal–Organic Frameworks for Signal Amplification
title_sort fluorescent electrochemical colorimetric triple model immunoassays with multifunctional metal organic frameworks for signal amplification
topic triple-model immunoassays
metal–organic frameworks
fluorescence immunoassay
electrochemical immunoassay
colorimetric immunoassay
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/6/376
work_keys_str_mv AT ningxia fluorescentelectrochemicalcolorimetrictriplemodelimmunoassayswithmultifunctionalmetalorganicframeworksforsignalamplification
AT chuyezheng fluorescentelectrochemicalcolorimetrictriplemodelimmunoassayswithmultifunctionalmetalorganicframeworksforsignalamplification
AT gangliu fluorescentelectrochemicalcolorimetrictriplemodelimmunoassayswithmultifunctionalmetalorganicframeworksforsignalamplification