Advancing schistosomiasis surveillance: standardization and application of an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detecting Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil

Abstract Background Schistosoma sp. transmission is linked to water bodies, poor sanitation, and the presence of intermediate hosts. Nevertheless, parasite detection in snails is hampered by challenges in snail sampling and low infection rates, mainly in moderate and low-endemic areas, as well as re...

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Main Authors: Sandra Grossi Gava, Isadora Rodrigues de Carvalho, Marcello Otake Sato, Megumi Sato, Natália de Melo Nasser Fava, Patrícia Martins Parreiras, Aureo Almeida de Oliveira, Sueleny Silva Ferreira Teixeira, Adelina Junia Lourenço, Omar dos Santos Carvalho, Lângia Colli Montresor, Marina Moraes Mourão, Roberta Lima Caldeira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11069-0
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author Sandra Grossi Gava
Isadora Rodrigues de Carvalho
Marcello Otake Sato
Megumi Sato
Natália de Melo Nasser Fava
Patrícia Martins Parreiras
Aureo Almeida de Oliveira
Sueleny Silva Ferreira Teixeira
Adelina Junia Lourenço
Omar dos Santos Carvalho
Lângia Colli Montresor
Marina Moraes Mourão
Roberta Lima Caldeira
author_facet Sandra Grossi Gava
Isadora Rodrigues de Carvalho
Marcello Otake Sato
Megumi Sato
Natália de Melo Nasser Fava
Patrícia Martins Parreiras
Aureo Almeida de Oliveira
Sueleny Silva Ferreira Teixeira
Adelina Junia Lourenço
Omar dos Santos Carvalho
Lângia Colli Montresor
Marina Moraes Mourão
Roberta Lima Caldeira
author_sort Sandra Grossi Gava
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Schistosoma sp. transmission is linked to water bodies, poor sanitation, and the presence of intermediate hosts. Nevertheless, parasite detection in snails is hampered by challenges in snail sampling and low infection rates, mainly in moderate and low-endemic areas, as well as requiring specialized personnel and being time-consuming. Thus, there is a need to improve tools to assist schistosomiasis surveillance and an environmental DNA (eDNA) approach may help to overcome these limitations. Here, we standardized and used an eDNA-based approach to monitor Schistosoma mansoni occurrence in two schistosomiasis endemic areas from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods The eDNA approach was standardized for local conditions by evaluating the specificity of the qPCR assay in detecting the parasite DNA. Water from snail breeding tanks containing Biomphalaria glabrata, either infected or not with S. mansoni, was used to standardize the eDNA filtration and extraction protocols. Three molecular techniques– Low-Stringency PCR (LS-PCR), Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and quantitative PCR (qPCR)– were applied to investigate samples from snail tanks and two field surveys. Additionally, malacological surveys and measurements of water physicochemical and microbiological parameters were conducted at the same locations to know the species of mollusks present and the ideal environmental conditions to identify hotspots. Results The qPCR assay was specifically amplified Schistosoma sp. DNA without amplifying other trematodes presents in Brazil, ensuring accurate detection without cross-amplification. All three molecular assays efficiently detected S. mansoni DNA only from eDNA samples from tanks with infected snails. The eDNA approach, associated with LAMP and qPCR assays, successfully identified S. mansoni DNA at the same collection points where snails releasing cercariae were found and at one additional site, that was missed by traditional methods, underscoring its sensitivity. Conclusions This study illustrates the potential of employing eDNA sampling combined with molecular techniques as an effective strategy for monitoring and identifying potential schistosomiasis transmission foci in endemic areas. This approach aligns with the WHO’s roadmap for schistosomiasis elimination by 2030 and has implications for public health interventions and control measures.
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spelling doaj-art-7490d0d72aed48e5a8fbcce3b287d5082025-08-20T02:32:08ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-05-0125111410.1186/s12879-025-11069-0Advancing schistosomiasis surveillance: standardization and application of an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detecting Schistosoma mansoni in BrazilSandra Grossi Gava0Isadora Rodrigues de Carvalho1Marcello Otake Sato2Megumi Sato3Natália de Melo Nasser Fava4Patrícia Martins Parreiras5Aureo Almeida de Oliveira6Sueleny Silva Ferreira Teixeira7Adelina Junia Lourenço8Omar dos Santos Carvalho9Lângia Colli Montresor10Marina Moraes Mourão11Roberta Lima Caldeira12Grupo de Pesquisa em Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou– Fiocruz Minas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz– FiocruzGrupo de Pesquisa em Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou– Fiocruz Minas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz– FiocruzDivision of Global Environment Parasitology - Faculty of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life SciencesGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Niigata UniversityGrupo de Pesquisa em Políticas Públicas e Direitos Humanos, Instituto René Rachou– Fiocruz Minas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz– FiocruzInstituto René Rachou– Fiocruz Minas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz– FiocruzGrupo de Pesquisa em Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Câncer, Instituto René Rachou– Fiocruz Minas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz– FiocruzGrupo de Pesquisa em Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Câncer, Instituto René Rachou– Fiocruz Minas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz– FiocruzGrupo de Pesquisa em Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Câncer, Instituto René Rachou– Fiocruz Minas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz– FiocruzGrupo de Pesquisa em Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou– Fiocruz Minas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz– FiocruzMoluscário Lobato Paraense, Instituto René Rachou– Fiocruz Minas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz– FiocruzGrupo de Pesquisa em Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou– Fiocruz Minas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz– FiocruzGrupo de Pesquisa em Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou– Fiocruz Minas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz– FiocruzAbstract Background Schistosoma sp. transmission is linked to water bodies, poor sanitation, and the presence of intermediate hosts. Nevertheless, parasite detection in snails is hampered by challenges in snail sampling and low infection rates, mainly in moderate and low-endemic areas, as well as requiring specialized personnel and being time-consuming. Thus, there is a need to improve tools to assist schistosomiasis surveillance and an environmental DNA (eDNA) approach may help to overcome these limitations. Here, we standardized and used an eDNA-based approach to monitor Schistosoma mansoni occurrence in two schistosomiasis endemic areas from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods The eDNA approach was standardized for local conditions by evaluating the specificity of the qPCR assay in detecting the parasite DNA. Water from snail breeding tanks containing Biomphalaria glabrata, either infected or not with S. mansoni, was used to standardize the eDNA filtration and extraction protocols. Three molecular techniques– Low-Stringency PCR (LS-PCR), Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and quantitative PCR (qPCR)– were applied to investigate samples from snail tanks and two field surveys. Additionally, malacological surveys and measurements of water physicochemical and microbiological parameters were conducted at the same locations to know the species of mollusks present and the ideal environmental conditions to identify hotspots. Results The qPCR assay was specifically amplified Schistosoma sp. DNA without amplifying other trematodes presents in Brazil, ensuring accurate detection without cross-amplification. All three molecular assays efficiently detected S. mansoni DNA only from eDNA samples from tanks with infected snails. The eDNA approach, associated with LAMP and qPCR assays, successfully identified S. mansoni DNA at the same collection points where snails releasing cercariae were found and at one additional site, that was missed by traditional methods, underscoring its sensitivity. Conclusions This study illustrates the potential of employing eDNA sampling combined with molecular techniques as an effective strategy for monitoring and identifying potential schistosomiasis transmission foci in endemic areas. This approach aligns with the WHO’s roadmap for schistosomiasis elimination by 2030 and has implications for public health interventions and control measures.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11069-0BilharziasisSchistosoma mansoni, environmental surveillanceQuantitative PCR (qPCR)Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)Low-Stringency PCR (LS-PCR)
spellingShingle Sandra Grossi Gava
Isadora Rodrigues de Carvalho
Marcello Otake Sato
Megumi Sato
Natália de Melo Nasser Fava
Patrícia Martins Parreiras
Aureo Almeida de Oliveira
Sueleny Silva Ferreira Teixeira
Adelina Junia Lourenço
Omar dos Santos Carvalho
Lângia Colli Montresor
Marina Moraes Mourão
Roberta Lima Caldeira
Advancing schistosomiasis surveillance: standardization and application of an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detecting Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil
BMC Infectious Diseases
Bilharziasis
Schistosoma mansoni, environmental surveillance
Quantitative PCR (qPCR)
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
Low-Stringency PCR (LS-PCR)
title Advancing schistosomiasis surveillance: standardization and application of an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detecting Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil
title_full Advancing schistosomiasis surveillance: standardization and application of an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detecting Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil
title_fullStr Advancing schistosomiasis surveillance: standardization and application of an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detecting Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil
title_full_unstemmed Advancing schistosomiasis surveillance: standardization and application of an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detecting Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil
title_short Advancing schistosomiasis surveillance: standardization and application of an environmental DNA (eDNA)-based approach for detecting Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil
title_sort advancing schistosomiasis surveillance standardization and application of an environmental dna edna based approach for detecting schistosoma mansoni in brazil
topic Bilharziasis
Schistosoma mansoni, environmental surveillance
Quantitative PCR (qPCR)
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
Low-Stringency PCR (LS-PCR)
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11069-0
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