Miniaturized Dual and Quad Port MIMO Antenna Variants Featuring Elevated Diversity Performance for UWB and 5G-Midband Applications
The growing demand for high-speed and high-capacity wireless communication has intensified the need for compact, wideband, and efficient MIMO antenna systems, particularly for 5G mid-band and UWB applications. This article presents a miniaturized dual and quad port MIMO antenna design optimized for...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Karthikeyan Ramanathan Srivatsun Gopalakrishnan Thrisha Chandrakanthan |
| author_facet | Karthikeyan Ramanathan Srivatsun Gopalakrishnan Thrisha Chandrakanthan |
| author_sort | Karthikeyan Ramanathan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The growing demand for high-speed and high-capacity wireless communication has intensified the need for compact, wideband, and efficient MIMO antenna systems, particularly for 5G mid-band and UWB applications. This article presents a miniaturized dual and quad port MIMO antenna design optimized for 5G mid-band (n77/n78/n79/n96/n102) and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) applications without employing any decoupling structures between the radiating elements. The 2-port configuration features two closely spaced symmetric monopole elements (spacing < λ<sub>max</sub>/2), promoting efficient use of space without degrading performance. An FR4 substrate (εr = 4.4) is used for fabrication with a compact size of 30 × 41 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>. This layout is extended orthogonally and symmetrically to form a compact quad-port variant with dimensions of 60 × 41 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>. Both designs offer a broad operational bandwidth from 2.6 GHz to 10.8 GHz (8.2 GHz), retaining return loss (S<sub>XX</sub>) below −10 dB and strong isolation (S<sub>XY</sub> < −20 dB at high frequencies, <−15 dB at low frequencies). The proposed MIMO antennas demonstrate strong performance and excellent diversity characteristics. The two-port antenna achieves an average envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.00204, diversity gain (DG) of 9.98 dB, and a mean effective gain difference (MEG<sub>ij</sub>) of 0.3 dB, with a total active reflection coefficient (TARC) below −10 dB and signal delay variation under 0.25 ns, ensuring minimal pulse distortion. Similarly, the four-port design reports an average ECC of 0.01432, DG of 9.65 dB, MEG<sub>ij</sub> difference below 0.3 dB, and TARC below −10 dB, confirming robust diversity and MIMO performance across both configurations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-747ffa8eba3e4571b575a5557c96b86e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj-art-747ffa8eba3e4571b575a5557c96b86e2025-08-20T03:16:34ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-06-0116671610.3390/mi16060716Miniaturized Dual and Quad Port MIMO Antenna Variants Featuring Elevated Diversity Performance for UWB and 5G-Midband ApplicationsKarthikeyan Ramanathan0Srivatsun Gopalakrishnan1Thrisha Chandrakanthan2Department of ECE, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641049, IndiaDepartment of ECE, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641001, IndiaDepartment of ECE, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641049, IndiaThe growing demand for high-speed and high-capacity wireless communication has intensified the need for compact, wideband, and efficient MIMO antenna systems, particularly for 5G mid-band and UWB applications. This article presents a miniaturized dual and quad port MIMO antenna design optimized for 5G mid-band (n77/n78/n79/n96/n102) and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) applications without employing any decoupling structures between the radiating elements. The 2-port configuration features two closely spaced symmetric monopole elements (spacing < λ<sub>max</sub>/2), promoting efficient use of space without degrading performance. An FR4 substrate (εr = 4.4) is used for fabrication with a compact size of 30 × 41 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>. This layout is extended orthogonally and symmetrically to form a compact quad-port variant with dimensions of 60 × 41 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup>. Both designs offer a broad operational bandwidth from 2.6 GHz to 10.8 GHz (8.2 GHz), retaining return loss (S<sub>XX</sub>) below −10 dB and strong isolation (S<sub>XY</sub> < −20 dB at high frequencies, <−15 dB at low frequencies). The proposed MIMO antennas demonstrate strong performance and excellent diversity characteristics. The two-port antenna achieves an average envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.00204, diversity gain (DG) of 9.98 dB, and a mean effective gain difference (MEG<sub>ij</sub>) of 0.3 dB, with a total active reflection coefficient (TARC) below −10 dB and signal delay variation under 0.25 ns, ensuring minimal pulse distortion. Similarly, the four-port design reports an average ECC of 0.01432, DG of 9.65 dB, MEG<sub>ij</sub> difference below 0.3 dB, and TARC below −10 dB, confirming robust diversity and MIMO performance across both configurations.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/6/716MIMO antenna2-port4-port5G mid-bandUWBECC |
| spellingShingle | Karthikeyan Ramanathan Srivatsun Gopalakrishnan Thrisha Chandrakanthan Miniaturized Dual and Quad Port MIMO Antenna Variants Featuring Elevated Diversity Performance for UWB and 5G-Midband Applications Micromachines MIMO antenna 2-port 4-port 5G mid-band UWB ECC |
| title | Miniaturized Dual and Quad Port MIMO Antenna Variants Featuring Elevated Diversity Performance for UWB and 5G-Midband Applications |
| title_full | Miniaturized Dual and Quad Port MIMO Antenna Variants Featuring Elevated Diversity Performance for UWB and 5G-Midband Applications |
| title_fullStr | Miniaturized Dual and Quad Port MIMO Antenna Variants Featuring Elevated Diversity Performance for UWB and 5G-Midband Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Miniaturized Dual and Quad Port MIMO Antenna Variants Featuring Elevated Diversity Performance for UWB and 5G-Midband Applications |
| title_short | Miniaturized Dual and Quad Port MIMO Antenna Variants Featuring Elevated Diversity Performance for UWB and 5G-Midband Applications |
| title_sort | miniaturized dual and quad port mimo antenna variants featuring elevated diversity performance for uwb and 5g midband applications |
| topic | MIMO antenna 2-port 4-port 5G mid-band UWB ECC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/6/716 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT karthikeyanramanathan miniaturizeddualandquadportmimoantennavariantsfeaturingelevateddiversityperformanceforuwband5gmidbandapplications AT srivatsungopalakrishnan miniaturizeddualandquadportmimoantennavariantsfeaturingelevateddiversityperformanceforuwband5gmidbandapplications AT thrishachandrakanthan miniaturizeddualandquadportmimoantennavariantsfeaturingelevateddiversityperformanceforuwband5gmidbandapplications |