Design, construction and efficiency analysis of bagasse-based charcoal packed horizontal lab-scale wetland for the removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Abstract Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) pose a significant and growing threat to public health, particularly in wastewater environments where they can persist and propagate, exacerbating the global antibiotic resistance crisis. Conventional wastewater treatment methods often fall short in effec...

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Main Authors: Misbah Batool Aslam, Talmeez U. R. Rehman, Amina Farrukh Alavi, Abdul Haleem, Abdul Haq, Safia Ahmed, Wasim Sajjad, Mohammed Bourhia, Ousman B. Mahamat, Khalid S. Almaary, Mahwish Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Microbiology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04061-w
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author Misbah Batool Aslam
Talmeez U. R. Rehman
Amina Farrukh Alavi
Abdul Haleem
Abdul Haq
Safia Ahmed
Wasim Sajjad
Mohammed Bourhia
Ousman B. Mahamat
Khalid S. Almaary
Mahwish Ali
author_facet Misbah Batool Aslam
Talmeez U. R. Rehman
Amina Farrukh Alavi
Abdul Haleem
Abdul Haq
Safia Ahmed
Wasim Sajjad
Mohammed Bourhia
Ousman B. Mahamat
Khalid S. Almaary
Mahwish Ali
author_sort Misbah Batool Aslam
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) pose a significant and growing threat to public health, particularly in wastewater environments where they can persist and propagate, exacerbating the global antibiotic resistance crisis. Conventional wastewater treatment methods often fall short in effectively removing ARB and associated contaminants, creating an urgent need for innovative and sustainable solutions. This research addresses this critical gap by investigating the use of a lab-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) planted with Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis to enhance domestic wastewater treatment. Biochar was selected as the substrate medium due to its high adsorption capacity and ability to support microbial communities that contribute to contaminant degradation. The CW system was operated at a flow rate of 3.8 US gallons/day and a moderate organic loading rate, with influent concentrations of 698 mg/L for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 376 mg/L for biological oxygen demand (BOD), 43 mg/L for nitrogen and 51 mg/L for sulfate. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of various physiochemical parameters were 53%, 57%, 81%, 80%, and 81% for total dissolved solids (TDS), COD, BOD, total nitrogen and total sulphate, respectively. Importantly, antibiotic-resistant bacteria were reduced by 99%, highlighting the system’s capability to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Screening for antibiotic-resistant β-lactamase genes revealed that blaTEM was detected in 50% of MDR isolates from influent samples, while blaCTX-M was absent in both influent and effluent. These findings emphasize the potential of constructed wetlands with biochar as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for addressing the dual challenges of environmental pollution and antibiotic resistance. This study provides critical insights into the development of advanced wastewater treatment technologies to combat emerging public health threats.
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issn 1471-2180
language English
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spelling doaj-art-747a498b4312409caa031fb78b9df55a2025-08-20T04:01:18ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802025-07-0125111710.1186/s12866-025-04061-wDesign, construction and efficiency analysis of bagasse-based charcoal packed horizontal lab-scale wetland for the removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteriaMisbah Batool Aslam0Talmeez U. R. Rehman1Amina Farrukh Alavi2Abdul Haleem3Abdul Haq4Safia Ahmed5Wasim Sajjad6Mohammed Bourhia7Ousman B. Mahamat8Khalid S. Almaary9Mahwish Ali10Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, The Mall RawalpindiDepartment of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam UniversityPeshawar Laboratories Complex, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchDepartment of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam UniversityState Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of SciencesLaboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Resources Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr UniversityNational Federation of Associations of Medical Practitioners in Chad (FENAPMT), Ministry of HealthDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, The Mall RawalpindiAbstract Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) pose a significant and growing threat to public health, particularly in wastewater environments where they can persist and propagate, exacerbating the global antibiotic resistance crisis. Conventional wastewater treatment methods often fall short in effectively removing ARB and associated contaminants, creating an urgent need for innovative and sustainable solutions. This research addresses this critical gap by investigating the use of a lab-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) planted with Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis to enhance domestic wastewater treatment. Biochar was selected as the substrate medium due to its high adsorption capacity and ability to support microbial communities that contribute to contaminant degradation. The CW system was operated at a flow rate of 3.8 US gallons/day and a moderate organic loading rate, with influent concentrations of 698 mg/L for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 376 mg/L for biological oxygen demand (BOD), 43 mg/L for nitrogen and 51 mg/L for sulfate. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of various physiochemical parameters were 53%, 57%, 81%, 80%, and 81% for total dissolved solids (TDS), COD, BOD, total nitrogen and total sulphate, respectively. Importantly, antibiotic-resistant bacteria were reduced by 99%, highlighting the system’s capability to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Screening for antibiotic-resistant β-lactamase genes revealed that blaTEM was detected in 50% of MDR isolates from influent samples, while blaCTX-M was absent in both influent and effluent. These findings emphasize the potential of constructed wetlands with biochar as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for addressing the dual challenges of environmental pollution and antibiotic resistance. This study provides critical insights into the development of advanced wastewater treatment technologies to combat emerging public health threats.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04061-wAntibiotic resistant bacteriaAntibiotic resistant genesBiocharConstructed wetland (CW)Domestic waste
spellingShingle Misbah Batool Aslam
Talmeez U. R. Rehman
Amina Farrukh Alavi
Abdul Haleem
Abdul Haq
Safia Ahmed
Wasim Sajjad
Mohammed Bourhia
Ousman B. Mahamat
Khalid S. Almaary
Mahwish Ali
Design, construction and efficiency analysis of bagasse-based charcoal packed horizontal lab-scale wetland for the removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
BMC Microbiology
Antibiotic resistant bacteria
Antibiotic resistant genes
Biochar
Constructed wetland (CW)
Domestic waste
title Design, construction and efficiency analysis of bagasse-based charcoal packed horizontal lab-scale wetland for the removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
title_full Design, construction and efficiency analysis of bagasse-based charcoal packed horizontal lab-scale wetland for the removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
title_fullStr Design, construction and efficiency analysis of bagasse-based charcoal packed horizontal lab-scale wetland for the removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
title_full_unstemmed Design, construction and efficiency analysis of bagasse-based charcoal packed horizontal lab-scale wetland for the removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
title_short Design, construction and efficiency analysis of bagasse-based charcoal packed horizontal lab-scale wetland for the removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
title_sort design construction and efficiency analysis of bagasse based charcoal packed horizontal lab scale wetland for the removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria
topic Antibiotic resistant bacteria
Antibiotic resistant genes
Biochar
Constructed wetland (CW)
Domestic waste
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04061-w
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