Halitosis among users of electronic nicotine delivery systems in a multi-center cross-sectional study

Halitosis among users of electronic nicotine delivery systems in a multi-center cross-sectional study

Abstract The global utilization of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) is increasing, with emerging evidence suggesting a potential link between ENDS and halitosis. Nonetheless, direct data addressing this association remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ENDS usage...

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Main Authors: Saadi M. Saleh, Abdelrahman Shata, Ali Malik Tiryag, Bishoy G. Malak, Ahmad M. A. Okour, Maher A. Atiyah, Wisam Al-Khaboori, Mahmoud Raslan, Abanob A. Helmy, Ata Al-howaity, Rana Nasser Saeed, Menna M. Aboelkhier, Mahmoud Ubdlsalam Aldahoud, Abdallah S. Malkawi, Omar Habib, Nermin Adly Hassan, DARS Consortium
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Electronic nicotine delivery systems
Vaping
Smoking
Halitosis
Cross-sectional studies
Self-Administration
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05439-6
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