Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a common occurrence in paediatrics. UTIs present in children as fever, anorexia, vomiting, lethargy and dysuria. Approximately 80% of the time, Escherichia coli is the causative bacteria in paediatrics, however, fungal UTI caused by Candida species can occur in pr...

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Main Authors: Natalie Schellack, Cahlia Naested, Nicolene Van der Sandt, Neelaveni Padayachee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AOSIS 2017-11-01
Series:South African Family Practice
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Online Access:https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/4772
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author Natalie Schellack
Cahlia Naested
Nicolene Van der Sandt
Neelaveni Padayachee
author_facet Natalie Schellack
Cahlia Naested
Nicolene Van der Sandt
Neelaveni Padayachee
author_sort Natalie Schellack
collection DOAJ
description Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a common occurrence in paediatrics. UTIs present in children as fever, anorexia, vomiting, lethargy and dysuria. Approximately 80% of the time, Escherichia coli is the causative bacteria in paediatrics, however, fungal UTI caused by Candida species can occur in premature infants. With an estimated 150 million UTIs occurring worldwide annually, this paper aims to establish the ideal management of urinary tract infections in paediatrics. Clinical signs and symptoms of UTI in paediatrics are dependent on age of the child. Neonates (0–27 days old) present with sepsis, vomiting, fever, and prolonged jaundice, while school aged children present with symptoms similar to adults such as dysuria and urgency. Diagnosis of a UTI can be done by using a urine dipstick or using the midstream clean catch method in toilet trained children, and using the transurethral catheterisation or suprapubic aspiration method for infants and young children. In the wake of antibiotic resistance, choosing the best anti-microbial agent for treatment is imperative. Whilst asymptomatic bacteriuria does not require antibiotic treatment, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination, cephalexin, cefixime and cefpodoxime are the preferred oral antibiotics, provided there are no known allergies. Ceftriaxone, ampicillin, cefotaxime and gentamycin are the recommended parenteral antibiotics, provided age, allergic status and renal function are considered prior to use. Careful consideration needs to be given before using prophylaxis in UTIs and should be reserved for extreme cases.
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spelling doaj-art-744e4b5c7806449d9a85ad2d7b8d5afe2025-08-20T03:43:46ZengAOSISSouth African Family Practice2078-61902078-62042017-11-01596162010.4102/safp.v59i6.47723796Management of Urinary Tract Infections in ChildrenNatalie Schellack0Cahlia Naested1Nicolene Van der Sandt2Neelaveni Padayachee3Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences UniversityNetcare Greenacres HospitalMadibeng Sub-District PharmacyUniversity of the WitwatersrandUrinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a common occurrence in paediatrics. UTIs present in children as fever, anorexia, vomiting, lethargy and dysuria. Approximately 80% of the time, Escherichia coli is the causative bacteria in paediatrics, however, fungal UTI caused by Candida species can occur in premature infants. With an estimated 150 million UTIs occurring worldwide annually, this paper aims to establish the ideal management of urinary tract infections in paediatrics. Clinical signs and symptoms of UTI in paediatrics are dependent on age of the child. Neonates (0–27 days old) present with sepsis, vomiting, fever, and prolonged jaundice, while school aged children present with symptoms similar to adults such as dysuria and urgency. Diagnosis of a UTI can be done by using a urine dipstick or using the midstream clean catch method in toilet trained children, and using the transurethral catheterisation or suprapubic aspiration method for infants and young children. In the wake of antibiotic resistance, choosing the best anti-microbial agent for treatment is imperative. Whilst asymptomatic bacteriuria does not require antibiotic treatment, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination, cephalexin, cefixime and cefpodoxime are the preferred oral antibiotics, provided there are no known allergies. Ceftriaxone, ampicillin, cefotaxime and gentamycin are the recommended parenteral antibiotics, provided age, allergic status and renal function are considered prior to use. Careful consideration needs to be given before using prophylaxis in UTIs and should be reserved for extreme cases.https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/4772urinary tract infection (uti)paediatricsantibiotics
spellingShingle Natalie Schellack
Cahlia Naested
Nicolene Van der Sandt
Neelaveni Padayachee
Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Children
South African Family Practice
urinary tract infection (uti)
paediatrics
antibiotics
title Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Children
title_full Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Children
title_fullStr Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Children
title_full_unstemmed Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Children
title_short Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Children
title_sort management of urinary tract infections in children
topic urinary tract infection (uti)
paediatrics
antibiotics
url https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/4772
work_keys_str_mv AT natalieschellack managementofurinarytractinfectionsinchildren
AT cahlianaested managementofurinarytractinfectionsinchildren
AT nicolenevandersandt managementofurinarytractinfectionsinchildren
AT neelavenipadayachee managementofurinarytractinfectionsinchildren