Effect of Road Markings on Speed Through Curves on Rural Roads: A Driving Simulator Study in Spain

Traffic accidents remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. In Spain, a total of 9666 accidents occurred on curves in 2023, highlighting the need for effective speed management strategies. This study analyses, using a driving simulator, the effectiveness of three low-cost traffic calming measur...

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Main Authors: Santiago Martin-Castresana, Diego Alvarez, Fabian Andrade-Cataño, Maria Castro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Infrastructures
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/10/4/94
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author Santiago Martin-Castresana
Diego Alvarez
Fabian Andrade-Cataño
Maria Castro
author_facet Santiago Martin-Castresana
Diego Alvarez
Fabian Andrade-Cataño
Maria Castro
author_sort Santiago Martin-Castresana
collection DOAJ
description Traffic accidents remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. In Spain, a total of 9666 accidents occurred on curves in 2023, highlighting the need for effective speed management strategies. This study analyses, using a driving simulator, the effectiveness of three low-cost traffic calming measures—checkerboard patterns, red peripheral transverse bars, and red coloured transverse bands—on vehicle speed through curves of varying radii and directions. Additionally, it examines the influence of driver characteristics (age, gender, and experience) and road geometric features (curve radius and direction) on driving behaviour. The simulated road included ten curves with radii ranging from 26 to 190 metres (operating speeds of 30–70 km/h) with traffic calming measures placed at the tangents before the curves. The sample consisted of 48 drivers. Men exhibited faster speeds than women, while younger drivers were faster than seniors. Increased driving experience (annual distances) correlated with higher speeds. Additionally, smaller radii resulted in lower speeds. Regarding the traffic calming measures, significant differences were found mainly where the road markings were placed (tangent) and in the initial phases of the curve. Checkerboard patterns performed better in curves with smaller radii. In contrast, red coloured transverse bands showed the best performance in larger radius curves.
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spelling doaj-art-7443fc85b4e64be8a44b32501794a7122025-08-20T02:28:29ZengMDPI AGInfrastructures2412-38112025-04-011049410.3390/infrastructures10040094Effect of Road Markings on Speed Through Curves on Rural Roads: A Driving Simulator Study in SpainSantiago Martin-Castresana0Diego Alvarez1Fabian Andrade-Cataño2Maria Castro3Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle del Prof. Aranguren, 3, 28040 Madrid, SpainEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle del Prof. Aranguren, 3, 28040 Madrid, SpainEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle del Prof. Aranguren, 3, 28040 Madrid, SpainEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle del Prof. Aranguren, 3, 28040 Madrid, SpainTraffic accidents remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. In Spain, a total of 9666 accidents occurred on curves in 2023, highlighting the need for effective speed management strategies. This study analyses, using a driving simulator, the effectiveness of three low-cost traffic calming measures—checkerboard patterns, red peripheral transverse bars, and red coloured transverse bands—on vehicle speed through curves of varying radii and directions. Additionally, it examines the influence of driver characteristics (age, gender, and experience) and road geometric features (curve radius and direction) on driving behaviour. The simulated road included ten curves with radii ranging from 26 to 190 metres (operating speeds of 30–70 km/h) with traffic calming measures placed at the tangents before the curves. The sample consisted of 48 drivers. Men exhibited faster speeds than women, while younger drivers were faster than seniors. Increased driving experience (annual distances) correlated with higher speeds. Additionally, smaller radii resulted in lower speeds. Regarding the traffic calming measures, significant differences were found mainly where the road markings were placed (tangent) and in the initial phases of the curve. Checkerboard patterns performed better in curves with smaller radii. In contrast, red coloured transverse bands showed the best performance in larger radius curves.https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/10/4/94driving simulatorspeed reductiontraffic calmingroad safetydriver behaviourroad curve
spellingShingle Santiago Martin-Castresana
Diego Alvarez
Fabian Andrade-Cataño
Maria Castro
Effect of Road Markings on Speed Through Curves on Rural Roads: A Driving Simulator Study in Spain
Infrastructures
driving simulator
speed reduction
traffic calming
road safety
driver behaviour
road curve
title Effect of Road Markings on Speed Through Curves on Rural Roads: A Driving Simulator Study in Spain
title_full Effect of Road Markings on Speed Through Curves on Rural Roads: A Driving Simulator Study in Spain
title_fullStr Effect of Road Markings on Speed Through Curves on Rural Roads: A Driving Simulator Study in Spain
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Road Markings on Speed Through Curves on Rural Roads: A Driving Simulator Study in Spain
title_short Effect of Road Markings on Speed Through Curves on Rural Roads: A Driving Simulator Study in Spain
title_sort effect of road markings on speed through curves on rural roads a driving simulator study in spain
topic driving simulator
speed reduction
traffic calming
road safety
driver behaviour
road curve
url https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/10/4/94
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AT fabianandradecatano effectofroadmarkingsonspeedthroughcurvesonruralroadsadrivingsimulatorstudyinspain
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