Association between the cardiometabolic index and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a cohort study
Abstract Background The cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, a concept introduced by the American Heart Association in 2023, emphasizes preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The cardiometabolic index (CMI) serves as a comprehensive measure to predict CVD risk and assess cardiovascular...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04918-y |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849238863566864384 |
|---|---|
| author | De-Gang Mo Tao Liu Jing-Xian Bai Min Liu Qian-Feng Han Heng-Chen Yao |
| author_facet | De-Gang Mo Tao Liu Jing-Xian Bai Min Liu Qian-Feng Han Heng-Chen Yao |
| author_sort | De-Gang Mo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, a concept introduced by the American Heart Association in 2023, emphasizes preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The cardiometabolic index (CMI) serves as a comprehensive measure to predict CVD risk and assess cardiovascular metabolic health. This study aims to examine the association between CMI and CVD risk in individuals with CKM syndrome. Methods Data from 5,530 participants aged 45 and older were analyzed using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database. CMI was calculated based on triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and waist-to-height ratios. All participants were followed up over a period of 9 years, with the endpoint event being the occurrence of CVD. Cox regression models were used to analyze the association between CMI and CVD risk. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to demonstrate the differences in CVD risk among different CMI groups. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the applicability of CMI in various subpopulations. Results The CMI of participants who experienced CVD was significantly higher than that of participants who did not experience CVD (0.53 vs. 0.45, p < 0.001). In the fully adjusted Cox regression model, CMI is identified as an independent risk factor for the development of CVD in patients with CKM [Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.07, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.02–1.04, p = 0.006]. Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicated that the highest quartile of CMI was associated with the greatest risk of CVD (Log-rank test, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicate that CMI has a stronger association in patients with CKM syndrome at stage 3 (HR = 1.33, 95% CI:1.07–1.64, p = 0.010). Conclusion Elevated CMI is a critical predictor of CVD incidence in individuals with CKM syndrome, especially in advanced stages. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-743f8f24ead74ea0a773fd62d058a2fb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2261 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders |
| spelling | doaj-art-743f8f24ead74ea0a773fd62d058a2fb2025-08-20T04:01:24ZengBMCBMC Cardiovascular Disorders1471-22612025-07-0125111110.1186/s12872-025-04918-yAssociation between the cardiometabolic index and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a cohort studyDe-Gang Mo0Tao Liu1Jing-Xian Bai2Min Liu3Qian-Feng Han4Heng-Chen Yao5School of Medicine, Qingdao UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityAbstract Background The cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, a concept introduced by the American Heart Association in 2023, emphasizes preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The cardiometabolic index (CMI) serves as a comprehensive measure to predict CVD risk and assess cardiovascular metabolic health. This study aims to examine the association between CMI and CVD risk in individuals with CKM syndrome. Methods Data from 5,530 participants aged 45 and older were analyzed using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database. CMI was calculated based on triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and waist-to-height ratios. All participants were followed up over a period of 9 years, with the endpoint event being the occurrence of CVD. Cox regression models were used to analyze the association between CMI and CVD risk. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to demonstrate the differences in CVD risk among different CMI groups. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the applicability of CMI in various subpopulations. Results The CMI of participants who experienced CVD was significantly higher than that of participants who did not experience CVD (0.53 vs. 0.45, p < 0.001). In the fully adjusted Cox regression model, CMI is identified as an independent risk factor for the development of CVD in patients with CKM [Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.07, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.02–1.04, p = 0.006]. Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicated that the highest quartile of CMI was associated with the greatest risk of CVD (Log-rank test, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicate that CMI has a stronger association in patients with CKM syndrome at stage 3 (HR = 1.33, 95% CI:1.07–1.64, p = 0.010). Conclusion Elevated CMI is a critical predictor of CVD incidence in individuals with CKM syndrome, especially in advanced stages.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04918-yCardiometabolic indexCardiovascular disease riskCardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic SyndromeRisk assessment |
| spellingShingle | De-Gang Mo Tao Liu Jing-Xian Bai Min Liu Qian-Feng Han Heng-Chen Yao Association between the cardiometabolic index and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a cohort study BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Cardiometabolic index Cardiovascular disease risk Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Risk assessment |
| title | Association between the cardiometabolic index and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a cohort study |
| title_full | Association between the cardiometabolic index and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Association between the cardiometabolic index and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between the cardiometabolic index and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a cohort study |
| title_short | Association between the cardiometabolic index and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a cohort study |
| title_sort | association between the cardiometabolic index and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with cardiovascular kidney metabolic syndrome a cohort study |
| topic | Cardiometabolic index Cardiovascular disease risk Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Risk assessment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04918-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT degangmo associationbetweenthecardiometabolicindexandcardiovasculardiseaseriskinpatientswithcardiovascularkidneymetabolicsyndromeacohortstudy AT taoliu associationbetweenthecardiometabolicindexandcardiovasculardiseaseriskinpatientswithcardiovascularkidneymetabolicsyndromeacohortstudy AT jingxianbai associationbetweenthecardiometabolicindexandcardiovasculardiseaseriskinpatientswithcardiovascularkidneymetabolicsyndromeacohortstudy AT minliu associationbetweenthecardiometabolicindexandcardiovasculardiseaseriskinpatientswithcardiovascularkidneymetabolicsyndromeacohortstudy AT qianfenghan associationbetweenthecardiometabolicindexandcardiovasculardiseaseriskinpatientswithcardiovascularkidneymetabolicsyndromeacohortstudy AT hengchenyao associationbetweenthecardiometabolicindexandcardiovasculardiseaseriskinpatientswithcardiovascularkidneymetabolicsyndromeacohortstudy |