Persistence of the neutralizing antibody response one year after a single injection of a new Yellow fever vaccine in adults

Introduction: Yellow fever (YF) remains a major global health threat, complicated by climate change, vector expansion, and insufficient health system infrastructure in endemic regions. Recent shortages of licensed vaccines during regional outbreaks underscore the need for next-generation YF vaccines...

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Main Authors: Dr Emmanuel Feroldi, Prof Mark J Mulligan, Dr Kawsar Talaat, Dr Chen Sabrina Tan, Dr Kristopher Paolino, Prof Srilatha Edupuganti, Prof Matthew H Collins, Prof Sarah L George, Dr Matthew Davis, Dr Brandon Essink, Dr James Peterson, Dr David Fried, Dr Natalia Rodriguez Valero, Prof Michael Ramharter, Prof Odile Launay, Prof Anu Kantele, Prof Terapong Tantawichien, Prof Jenny Guek-Hong Low, Ms Sandrine Orlando, Ms Pascale Davaux, Ms Tifany Machabert, Ms Marine Dufournet, Mr Louis Devlin, Dr Carina Frago
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224005228
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author Dr Emmanuel Feroldi
Prof Mark J Mulligan
Dr Kawsar Talaat
Dr Chen Sabrina Tan
Dr Kristopher Paolino
Prof Srilatha Edupuganti
Prof Matthew H Collins
Prof Sarah L George
Dr Matthew Davis
Dr Brandon Essink
Dr James Peterson
Dr David Fried
Dr Natalia Rodriguez Valero
Prof Michael Ramharter
Prof Odile Launay
Prof Anu Kantele
Prof Terapong Tantawichien
Prof Jenny Guek-Hong Low
Ms Sandrine Orlando
Ms Pascale Davaux
Ms Tifany Machabert
Ms Marine Dufournet
Mr Louis Devlin
Dr Carina Frago
author_facet Dr Emmanuel Feroldi
Prof Mark J Mulligan
Dr Kawsar Talaat
Dr Chen Sabrina Tan
Dr Kristopher Paolino
Prof Srilatha Edupuganti
Prof Matthew H Collins
Prof Sarah L George
Dr Matthew Davis
Dr Brandon Essink
Dr James Peterson
Dr David Fried
Dr Natalia Rodriguez Valero
Prof Michael Ramharter
Prof Odile Launay
Prof Anu Kantele
Prof Terapong Tantawichien
Prof Jenny Guek-Hong Low
Ms Sandrine Orlando
Ms Pascale Davaux
Ms Tifany Machabert
Ms Marine Dufournet
Mr Louis Devlin
Dr Carina Frago
author_sort Dr Emmanuel Feroldi
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Yellow fever (YF) remains a major global health threat, complicated by climate change, vector expansion, and insufficient health system infrastructure in endemic regions. Recent shortages of licensed vaccines during regional outbreaks underscore the need for next-generation YF vaccines that retain safety and effectiveness standards while enhancing manufacturing efficiency. Grown in serum-free Vero cells, vYF is a live-attenuated YF vaccine developed to ensure a sustainable and robust global supply. Methods: In two ongoing Phase II randomized, observer-blind, active-controlled, non-inferiority multicenter clinical trials of vYF in 18-60-year-old adults in the US (vs. YF-VAX – VYF02 study) or in Europe and Asia (vs. Stamaril – VYF03 study), the neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses are being measured by a YF microneutralization assay on day 29 (D29), month 6 (M6), and then annually from year 1 (Y1) until Y5. Seroprotection is defined as NAb titers ≥ 10 (1/dil). Interim analyses conducted one-month post-vaccination demonstrated that the vYF immune response was non-inferior to YF-VAX or Stamaril. Here, we report the immunogenicity up to Y1.Adults were randomized 2:1 to receive one dose of vYF or YF active control: 568 in the US (VYF02) and 690 in Europe and Asia (VYF03). Results: Twenty-eight days after a vYF dose administration, over 99% of YF-naive participants in the US, and over 98% in the EU and over 95% in Asia were seroprotected.YF-naive recipients (FAS) exhibited D29 post-vaccination geometric mean titers (GMT) well above the seroprotective threshold: 2654, 1/dil, in the US; 2508, 1/dil, in EU; 1374, 1/dil, in Asia. As expected, GMTs waned after D29 but more than 97% of participants in the US, over 98% in Europe and more than 94% in Asia maintained titers above the threshold of protection at Y1, with GMTs of 401, 1/dil, in the US; 469, 1/dil, in EU; and 205, 1/dil, in Asia. Discussion: Overall, 94% or more of YF-naive adults in US, EU and Asia were seroprotected 28 days after receiving vYF and remained seroprotected at Y1. Seroprotection rates and GMT values following administration of the control vaccines (YF-VAX or Stamaril) were in similar ranges at all evaluated timepoints. Despite lower NAb titers observed in Asia from D29, GMT values remain well above the threshold considered for protection in all regions. Conclusion: Immunogenicity of vYF is non-inferior to YF-VAX and Stamaril, inducing seroprotective NAb responses in 18 to 60-year-old vaccinees to 1-year post-vaccination. Reduced NAb titers in Asia relative to the US and Europe did not diminish rates of seroprotection. These results are encouraging for addressing unmet public health needs during YF outbreaks.
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spelling doaj-art-7416b77004a040bf89fa9e982dccef6c2025-08-20T02:17:08ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97122025-03-0115210744710.1016/j.ijid.2024.107447Persistence of the neutralizing antibody response one year after a single injection of a new Yellow fever vaccine in adultsDr Emmanuel Feroldi0Prof Mark J Mulligan1Dr Kawsar Talaat2Dr Chen Sabrina Tan3Dr Kristopher Paolino4Prof Srilatha Edupuganti5Prof Matthew H Collins6Prof Sarah L George7Dr Matthew Davis8Dr Brandon Essink9Dr James Peterson10Dr David Fried11Dr Natalia Rodriguez Valero12Prof Michael Ramharter13Prof Odile Launay14Prof Anu Kantele15Prof Terapong Tantawichien16Prof Jenny Guek-Hong Low17Ms Sandrine Orlando18Ms Pascale Davaux19Ms Tifany Machabert20Ms Marine Dufournet21Mr Louis Devlin22Dr Carina Frago23Sanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceSanofi, Lyon, FranceIntroduction: Yellow fever (YF) remains a major global health threat, complicated by climate change, vector expansion, and insufficient health system infrastructure in endemic regions. Recent shortages of licensed vaccines during regional outbreaks underscore the need for next-generation YF vaccines that retain safety and effectiveness standards while enhancing manufacturing efficiency. Grown in serum-free Vero cells, vYF is a live-attenuated YF vaccine developed to ensure a sustainable and robust global supply. Methods: In two ongoing Phase II randomized, observer-blind, active-controlled, non-inferiority multicenter clinical trials of vYF in 18-60-year-old adults in the US (vs. YF-VAX – VYF02 study) or in Europe and Asia (vs. Stamaril – VYF03 study), the neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses are being measured by a YF microneutralization assay on day 29 (D29), month 6 (M6), and then annually from year 1 (Y1) until Y5. Seroprotection is defined as NAb titers ≥ 10 (1/dil). Interim analyses conducted one-month post-vaccination demonstrated that the vYF immune response was non-inferior to YF-VAX or Stamaril. Here, we report the immunogenicity up to Y1.Adults were randomized 2:1 to receive one dose of vYF or YF active control: 568 in the US (VYF02) and 690 in Europe and Asia (VYF03). Results: Twenty-eight days after a vYF dose administration, over 99% of YF-naive participants in the US, and over 98% in the EU and over 95% in Asia were seroprotected.YF-naive recipients (FAS) exhibited D29 post-vaccination geometric mean titers (GMT) well above the seroprotective threshold: 2654, 1/dil, in the US; 2508, 1/dil, in EU; 1374, 1/dil, in Asia. As expected, GMTs waned after D29 but more than 97% of participants in the US, over 98% in Europe and more than 94% in Asia maintained titers above the threshold of protection at Y1, with GMTs of 401, 1/dil, in the US; 469, 1/dil, in EU; and 205, 1/dil, in Asia. Discussion: Overall, 94% or more of YF-naive adults in US, EU and Asia were seroprotected 28 days after receiving vYF and remained seroprotected at Y1. Seroprotection rates and GMT values following administration of the control vaccines (YF-VAX or Stamaril) were in similar ranges at all evaluated timepoints. Despite lower NAb titers observed in Asia from D29, GMT values remain well above the threshold considered for protection in all regions. Conclusion: Immunogenicity of vYF is non-inferior to YF-VAX and Stamaril, inducing seroprotective NAb responses in 18 to 60-year-old vaccinees to 1-year post-vaccination. Reduced NAb titers in Asia relative to the US and Europe did not diminish rates of seroprotection. These results are encouraging for addressing unmet public health needs during YF outbreaks.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224005228
spellingShingle Dr Emmanuel Feroldi
Prof Mark J Mulligan
Dr Kawsar Talaat
Dr Chen Sabrina Tan
Dr Kristopher Paolino
Prof Srilatha Edupuganti
Prof Matthew H Collins
Prof Sarah L George
Dr Matthew Davis
Dr Brandon Essink
Dr James Peterson
Dr David Fried
Dr Natalia Rodriguez Valero
Prof Michael Ramharter
Prof Odile Launay
Prof Anu Kantele
Prof Terapong Tantawichien
Prof Jenny Guek-Hong Low
Ms Sandrine Orlando
Ms Pascale Davaux
Ms Tifany Machabert
Ms Marine Dufournet
Mr Louis Devlin
Dr Carina Frago
Persistence of the neutralizing antibody response one year after a single injection of a new Yellow fever vaccine in adults
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
title Persistence of the neutralizing antibody response one year after a single injection of a new Yellow fever vaccine in adults
title_full Persistence of the neutralizing antibody response one year after a single injection of a new Yellow fever vaccine in adults
title_fullStr Persistence of the neutralizing antibody response one year after a single injection of a new Yellow fever vaccine in adults
title_full_unstemmed Persistence of the neutralizing antibody response one year after a single injection of a new Yellow fever vaccine in adults
title_short Persistence of the neutralizing antibody response one year after a single injection of a new Yellow fever vaccine in adults
title_sort persistence of the neutralizing antibody response one year after a single injection of a new yellow fever vaccine in adults
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224005228
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