Gradual Replacement of Soybean Meal with Brewer’s Yeast in Fingerling Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Diet, Resulting in a Polynomial Growth Pattern, Independent of Whether Reared in a Biofloc or Clear-Water System

A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to examine whether (i) soybean meal (SBM) protein in the diet of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) can be replaced with protein from spent brewer’s yeast (SBY); (ii) co-rearing with biofloc alters fish growth, feed conversion and protei...

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Main Authors: Nguyen Huu Yen Nhi, Trinh Thi Lan, Kartik Baruah, Torbjörn Lundh, Anders Kiessling
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Aquaculture Journal
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9496/4/4/19
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author Nguyen Huu Yen Nhi
Trinh Thi Lan
Kartik Baruah
Torbjörn Lundh
Anders Kiessling
author_facet Nguyen Huu Yen Nhi
Trinh Thi Lan
Kartik Baruah
Torbjörn Lundh
Anders Kiessling
author_sort Nguyen Huu Yen Nhi
collection DOAJ
description A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to examine whether (i) soybean meal (SBM) protein in the diet of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) can be replaced with protein from spent brewer’s yeast (SBY); (ii) co-rearing with biofloc alters fish growth, feed conversion and protein efficiency compared with rearing in clear water; and (iii) accumulated protein quantity and quality in biofloc acts as a possible feed source for the fish in periods of low feed intake. The fish were reared in either a bio-recirculating aquaculture system (Bio-RAS) or a clear-water RAS (Cw-RAS). In Bio-RAS, the mechanical and biological filters used in Cw-RAS were replaced with an open bioreactor that delivered heterotrophic-based biofloc to the rearing tanks and also acted as a sedimentation trap for effluent water before recirculating it back into the rearing unit. The fish were fed four iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets (~28% crude protein, ~19 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> gross energy) in which SBM protein was replaced with increasing levels of SBY, with triplicate tanks per inclusion level. The results revealed that average fish growth was greater in a biofloc environment compared with clear water and also greater at higher inclusion levels of SBY. However, in both rearing environments, fish growth displayed a second-degree polynomial distribution with increasing SBY inclusion level, with a peak between 30% and 60% inclusion. Fish in the biofloc environment showed better feed conversion ratio and protein retention, likely through ingesting both given feed and biofloc. Biofloc contained a significant amount of accumulated protein with a high biological profile, thereby constituting a possible feed reserve for the fish. A conclusion underlined by the apparent improved feed conversion of Bio-RAS reared fish, where that ingestion of biofloc will reduce the need for external feed per unit growth.
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spelling doaj-art-73dfc0bffbde4b14868d3c22ebe5d7352025-08-20T02:01:03ZengMDPI AGAquaculture Journal2673-94962024-10-014425526910.3390/aquacj4040019Gradual Replacement of Soybean Meal with Brewer’s Yeast in Fingerling Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Diet, Resulting in a Polynomial Growth Pattern, Independent of Whether Reared in a Biofloc or Clear-Water SystemNguyen Huu Yen Nhi0Trinh Thi Lan1Kartik Baruah2Torbjörn Lundh3Anders Kiessling4Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, An Giang University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 90116 Long Xuyen, An Giang, VietnamDepartment of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, An Giang University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, 90116 Long Xuyen, An Giang, VietnamDepartment of Applied Animal Science and Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Applied Animal Science and Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Applied Animal Science and Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, SwedenA 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to examine whether (i) soybean meal (SBM) protein in the diet of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) can be replaced with protein from spent brewer’s yeast (SBY); (ii) co-rearing with biofloc alters fish growth, feed conversion and protein efficiency compared with rearing in clear water; and (iii) accumulated protein quantity and quality in biofloc acts as a possible feed source for the fish in periods of low feed intake. The fish were reared in either a bio-recirculating aquaculture system (Bio-RAS) or a clear-water RAS (Cw-RAS). In Bio-RAS, the mechanical and biological filters used in Cw-RAS were replaced with an open bioreactor that delivered heterotrophic-based biofloc to the rearing tanks and also acted as a sedimentation trap for effluent water before recirculating it back into the rearing unit. The fish were fed four iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets (~28% crude protein, ~19 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> gross energy) in which SBM protein was replaced with increasing levels of SBY, with triplicate tanks per inclusion level. The results revealed that average fish growth was greater in a biofloc environment compared with clear water and also greater at higher inclusion levels of SBY. However, in both rearing environments, fish growth displayed a second-degree polynomial distribution with increasing SBY inclusion level, with a peak between 30% and 60% inclusion. Fish in the biofloc environment showed better feed conversion ratio and protein retention, likely through ingesting both given feed and biofloc. Biofloc contained a significant amount of accumulated protein with a high biological profile, thereby constituting a possible feed reserve for the fish. A conclusion underlined by the apparent improved feed conversion of Bio-RAS reared fish, where that ingestion of biofloc will reduce the need for external feed per unit growth.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9496/4/4/19bioflocBio-RASCw-RASclear-water RASaquacultureC/N ratio
spellingShingle Nguyen Huu Yen Nhi
Trinh Thi Lan
Kartik Baruah
Torbjörn Lundh
Anders Kiessling
Gradual Replacement of Soybean Meal with Brewer’s Yeast in Fingerling Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Diet, Resulting in a Polynomial Growth Pattern, Independent of Whether Reared in a Biofloc or Clear-Water System
Aquaculture Journal
biofloc
Bio-RAS
Cw-RAS
clear-water RAS
aquaculture
C/N ratio
title Gradual Replacement of Soybean Meal with Brewer’s Yeast in Fingerling Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Diet, Resulting in a Polynomial Growth Pattern, Independent of Whether Reared in a Biofloc or Clear-Water System
title_full Gradual Replacement of Soybean Meal with Brewer’s Yeast in Fingerling Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Diet, Resulting in a Polynomial Growth Pattern, Independent of Whether Reared in a Biofloc or Clear-Water System
title_fullStr Gradual Replacement of Soybean Meal with Brewer’s Yeast in Fingerling Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Diet, Resulting in a Polynomial Growth Pattern, Independent of Whether Reared in a Biofloc or Clear-Water System
title_full_unstemmed Gradual Replacement of Soybean Meal with Brewer’s Yeast in Fingerling Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Diet, Resulting in a Polynomial Growth Pattern, Independent of Whether Reared in a Biofloc or Clear-Water System
title_short Gradual Replacement of Soybean Meal with Brewer’s Yeast in Fingerling Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Diet, Resulting in a Polynomial Growth Pattern, Independent of Whether Reared in a Biofloc or Clear-Water System
title_sort gradual replacement of soybean meal with brewer s yeast in fingerling nile tilapia i oreochromis niloticus i diet resulting in a polynomial growth pattern independent of whether reared in a biofloc or clear water system
topic biofloc
Bio-RAS
Cw-RAS
clear-water RAS
aquaculture
C/N ratio
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9496/4/4/19
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AT trinhthilan gradualreplacementofsoybeanmealwithbrewersyeastinfingerlingniletilapiaioreochromisniloticusidietresultinginapolynomialgrowthpatternindependentofwhetherrearedinabioflocorclearwatersystem
AT kartikbaruah gradualreplacementofsoybeanmealwithbrewersyeastinfingerlingniletilapiaioreochromisniloticusidietresultinginapolynomialgrowthpatternindependentofwhetherrearedinabioflocorclearwatersystem
AT torbjornlundh gradualreplacementofsoybeanmealwithbrewersyeastinfingerlingniletilapiaioreochromisniloticusidietresultinginapolynomialgrowthpatternindependentofwhetherrearedinabioflocorclearwatersystem
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