OpenAI o1 Large Language Model Outperforms GPT-4o, Gemini 1.5 Flash, and Human Test Takers on Ophthalmology Board–Style Questions

OpenAI o1 Large Language Model Outperforms GPT-4o, Gemini 1.5 Flash, and Human Test Takers on Ophthalmology Board–Style Questions

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the performance of human test takers and three artificial intelligence (AI) models—OpenAI o1, ChatGPT-4o, and Gemini 1.5 Flash—on ophthalmology board–style questions, focusing on overall accuracy and performance stratified by ophthalmic subspecialty and cognitive com...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ryan Shean, BA, Tathya Shah, BS, Sina Sobhani, BS, Alan Tang, BS, Ali Setayesh, BA, Kyle Bolo, MD, Van Nguyen, MD, Benjamin Xu, MD, PhD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-11-01
Series:Ophthalmology Science
Subjects:
Artificial intelligence
Ophthalmology
Medical education
Large language models
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666914525001423
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