The earliest cowries: the origin of cypraeoid gastropods

Cowries, the family Cypraeidae, form a diverse and conspicuous group of gastropods living in tropical to subtropical seas. Their shell is convolute (last whorl covers all previous ones) with a narrow, slit-like siphonate aperture bearing denticles (“teeth”). When extended, a large part of their shel...

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Main Authors: Alexander Nützel, Simon Schneider, Sofia Bakayeva, Andrzej Kaim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Institute of Paleobiology PAS 2025-06-01
Series:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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Online Access:https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app012452025.html
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author Alexander Nützel
Simon Schneider
Sofia Bakayeva
Andrzej Kaim
author_facet Alexander Nützel
Simon Schneider
Sofia Bakayeva
Andrzej Kaim
author_sort Alexander Nützel
collection DOAJ
description Cowries, the family Cypraeidae, form a diverse and conspicuous group of gastropods living in tropical to subtropical seas. Their shell is convolute (last whorl covers all previous ones) with a narrow, slit-like siphonate aperture bearing denticles (“teeth”). When extended, a large part of their shell surface is covered by a soft fleshy mantle. The earliest cowries were reported from the Upper Jurassic of Sicily: Cypraea tithonica and Cypraea gemmellaroi. Subsequently, these species had been assigned to various cypraeid genera. Examination of the type material of Cypraea tithonica reveals that this species represents a new genus: Coffeacypraea Nützel & Schneider. Cypraea gemmellaroi also belongs to this new genus and is potentially synonymous with Coffeacypraea tithonica. The Upper Jurassic caenogastropod genera Colombellina and Zittelia (family Colombellinidae) also have narrowly elongated siphonate apertures and are closely related to Cypraeidae but their shells are not convolute. The origination of Cypraeidae and Colombellinidae contributed considerably to the Mesozoic–Cenozoic caenogastropod radiation.
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spelling doaj-art-73ca60c772ef4b5ca46769d0b2464cf82025-08-20T02:43:15ZengInstitute of Paleobiology PASActa Palaeontologica Polonica1732-24212025-06-0170221322310.4202/app.01245.2025The earliest cowries: the origin of cypraeoid gastropodsAlexander Nützel0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8852-7688Simon Schneider1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6493-357XSofia Bakayeva2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9292-7652Andrzej Kaim3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-5356SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München (Germany); Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany; GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany. CASP, West Building, Madingley Rise, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB30UD, UK.Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland; State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Teatralna st. 18, Lviv 79008, Ukraine.Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland.Cowries, the family Cypraeidae, form a diverse and conspicuous group of gastropods living in tropical to subtropical seas. Their shell is convolute (last whorl covers all previous ones) with a narrow, slit-like siphonate aperture bearing denticles (“teeth”). When extended, a large part of their shell surface is covered by a soft fleshy mantle. The earliest cowries were reported from the Upper Jurassic of Sicily: Cypraea tithonica and Cypraea gemmellaroi. Subsequently, these species had been assigned to various cypraeid genera. Examination of the type material of Cypraea tithonica reveals that this species represents a new genus: Coffeacypraea Nützel & Schneider. Cypraea gemmellaroi also belongs to this new genus and is potentially synonymous with Coffeacypraea tithonica. The Upper Jurassic caenogastropod genera Colombellina and Zittelia (family Colombellinidae) also have narrowly elongated siphonate apertures and are closely related to Cypraeidae but their shells are not convolute. The origination of Cypraeidae and Colombellinidae contributed considerably to the Mesozoic–Cenozoic caenogastropod radiation.https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app012452025.htmlgastropodacypraeoideajurassictaxonomysystematicsevolutionary relationshipssicilyitaly
spellingShingle Alexander Nützel
Simon Schneider
Sofia Bakayeva
Andrzej Kaim
The earliest cowries: the origin of cypraeoid gastropods
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
gastropoda
cypraeoidea
jurassic
taxonomy
systematics
evolutionary relationships
sicily
italy
title The earliest cowries: the origin of cypraeoid gastropods
title_full The earliest cowries: the origin of cypraeoid gastropods
title_fullStr The earliest cowries: the origin of cypraeoid gastropods
title_full_unstemmed The earliest cowries: the origin of cypraeoid gastropods
title_short The earliest cowries: the origin of cypraeoid gastropods
title_sort earliest cowries the origin of cypraeoid gastropods
topic gastropoda
cypraeoidea
jurassic
taxonomy
systematics
evolutionary relationships
sicily
italy
url https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app012452025.html
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